OBJECTIVE Myocardial infarction resulting from ischemia-reperfusion injury can be reduced by cardiac postconditioning, in which blood flow is restored intermittently prior to full reperfusion. Although key molecular mechanisms and prosurvival pathways involved in postconditioning have been identified, a direct role for eNOS-derived NO in improving regional myocardial perfusion has not been show...

There is currently a debate as to whether or not a neural stem cell (NSC) exists in the adult mammalian hippocampus. Clonal colony-forming assays allow single cells to cells to be evaluated for stem cell properties: self-renewal and multipotentiality. In these in vitro assays, single cells from the subependymal zone (SEZ) of the adult lateral ventricle yield large colonies which self-renew and ...

Functional recovery after large excision of dorsal roots is absent because of both the limited regeneration capacity of the transected root, and the inability of regenerating sensory fibers to traverse the dorsal root entry zone. In this study, bioresorbable guidance conduits were used to repair 6-mm dorsal root lesion gaps in rats, while neurotrophin-encoding adenoviruses were used to elicit r...

In this pilot study, an autologous synthetic scaffold-free construct with hyaline quality, termed living hyaline cartilaginous graft (LhCG), was applied for treating cartilage lesions. Implantation of autologous LhCG was done at load-bearing regions of the knees in skeletally mature mini-pigs for 6 months. Over the course of this study, significant radiographical improvement in LhCG treated sit...

The general dental practitioner must consider orthodontic extrusion of a tooth when a subgingival defect, such as, crown fracture occurs before prosthetic rehabilitation, especially in the aesthetic zone. Extrusion enables the root portion to be elevated which exposes sound tooth structure for placement of restorative margins. This case report describes the multidisciplinary management of a fra...

Loss of cholinergic neurons and/or dysfunction of the glutamatergic system in the central nervous system cause learning impairment in experimental Alzheimer's (Alz) disease animals and Alz patients. Furthermore, the impaired cholinergic system is likely implicated in depressive behaviors in Alz patients. Neurogenesis persistently occurs in the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampal...

Left ventricular remodelling after infarction Many factors influence the survival of patients after myocardial infarction, but the single most important clinical determinant is left ventricular function.1-3 Left ventricular function correlates closely with the size of the region of myocyte necrosis in human and in animal infarction models.45 Recently, the cellular processes occurring soon after...

It is now well established that neurogenesis in the rodent subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus continues throughout adulthood. Neuroblasts born in the dentate subgranular zone migrate into the granule cell layer, where they differentiate into neurons known as dentate granule cells. Suppression of neurogenesis by irradiation or genetic ablation has been shown to disrupt synaptic pl...

Growth of the aerial part of the plant is dependent upon the maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). A balance between the self-renewing stem cells in the central zone (CZ) and organogenesis in the peripheral zone (PZ) is essential for the integrity, function, and maintenance of the SAM. Understanding how the SAM maintains a balance between stem cell perpetuation and organogenesis is a ...

Using time-lapse videomicroscopy, we studied the role of coagulation factor VIII (fVIII) in tissue factor-initiated spatial clot growth on fibroblast monolayers in a thin layer of non-stirred recalcified plasma from healthy donors or patients with severe Haemophilia A. Analysis of temporal evolution of light-scattering profiles from a growing clot revealed existence of two phases in the clot gr...