Retinopathy (RP) is a microvascular complication induced by diabetes and hypertension. Its onset and progression are associated with chronic hyperglycemia and dysregulated arterial hypertension. In microvascular abnormality, it is observed increased oxidative stress and elevated inflammatory cytokines in the eyes. Diabetic retinopathy is triggered by hyperglycemia of diabetes, however, while in...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that age of type 2 diabetes onset influences inherent susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy, independent of disease duration and degree of hyperglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Retinopathy data from 624 patients with a type 2 diabetes duration of 20-30 years (group A) were analyzed by stratifying patients according to age of onset of diabetes and glycemi...

Background: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of retinopathy and microalbuminuria and their correlation in diabetes type 2 patients. Methods: In this cross sectional study 591 patients with diabetes type 2 were examined. Fundoscopy was performed by practising Ophthalmologist. The urinary albumin to creatinin ratio was assessed by clinitek 100 ( Bayer corpora...

A total of 43 patients (86 eyes) with chronic viral hepatitis were examined prospectively before and after the start of interferon therapy. Of 37 non-diabetic patients, 23 (group A1) did not have retinopathy or subconjunctival haemorrhage, 11 (group A2) developed retinopathy, and three (group A3) exhibited subconjunctival haemorrhage during the treatment. In most eyes, the retinopathy disappear...

Screening for diabetic retinopathy can help to prevent this complication, but evidence regarding frequency of screening is uncertain. This paper systematically reviews the published literature on the relationship between screening intervals for diabetic retinopathy and the incidence of visual loss. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched until December 2012. Twenty five studies fulfilled ...

OBJECTIVE To describe and compare the associations of serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins with diabetic retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 224 diabetic patients (85 type 1 and 139 type 2) from a diabetes clinic. Diabetic retinopathy was graded from fundus photographs according to the Airlie House Classification system and categorized into mild, mod...

OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of any and referable diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending an annual screening service for retinopathy and whose first screening episode indicated no evidence of retinopathy. DESIGN Retrospective four year analysis. SETTING Screenings at the community based Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Service for Wales, United Kingdom...

INTRODUCTION Studies on the prevalence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in the local population are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, screening, and treatment outcome of retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary hospital in Hong Kong. METHODS This cross-sectional study with internal comparison was conducted at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. The study evaluated 89 ...

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in adults under age 65 in the United States. Risk is related to the stage of retinopathy. With new treatments available, it is imperative that diabetics be properly screened. Those with retinopathy of more than five years duration should be referred to an ophthalmologist. Since photocoagulation has been shown effective for treatment of macu...