The Precision Freehand Sculptor (PFS) is a compact, handheld, intelligent tool to assist the surgeon in accurately cutting bone. A retractable rotary blade on the PFS allows a computer to control what bone is removed. Accuracy is ensured even though the surgeon uses the tool freehand. The computer extends or retracts the blade based on data from an optical tracking camera. Three users used each...

BACKGROUND Urethral duplication and megalourethra are rare urethral anomalies. However, the concomitance of urethral duplication and double megalourethra has not been reported previously. CASE REPORT A newborn was presented with penile swelling during voiding. Physical examination revealed a retractable foreskin and two external meatus of a double urethra. Retrograde urethrography demonstrate...

SUMMARY The Italian Treasury's puttable bonds (Certificati del Tesoro con opzione di rimborso anticipato-CTOs) are the first example in Italy of retractable/extendible bonds, which have been used on the Canadian market for some time and recently been adopted on the Euromarket. In this paper the single factor version of the Cox, Ingersoll and Ross model is used to determine the equilibrium value...

‎we call a ring $r$ right generalized semiperfect if every simple right $r$-module is an epimorphic image of a flat right $r$-module with small kernel‎, ‎that is‎, ‎every simple right $r$-module has a flat $b$-cover‎. ‎we give some properties of such rings along with examples‎. ‎we introduce flat strong covers as flat covers which are also flat $b$-covers and give characterizations of $a$-perfe...

let $r$ be a commutative ring. we write $mbox{hom}(mu_a, nu_b)$ for the set of all fuzzy $r$-morphisms from $mu_a$ to $nu_b$, where $mu_a$ and $nu_b$ are two fuzzy $r$-modules. we make$mbox{hom}(mu_a, nu_b)$ into fuzzy $r$-module by redefining a function $alpha:mbox{hom}(mu_a, nu_b)longrightarrow [0,1]$. we study the properties of the functor $mbox{hom}(mu_a,-):frmbox{-mod}rightarrow frmbox{-mo...

let $a$ be a $c^*$-algebra and $e$ be a left hilbert $a$-module. in this paper we define a product on $e$ that making it into a banach algebra and show that under the certain conditions $e$  is arens regular. we also study the relationship between derivations of $a$ and $e$.

the main objective of this study is to swing krull intersection theorem in primary decomposition of rings and modules to the primary decomposition of soft rings and soft modules. to fulfill this aim several notions like soft prime ideals, soft maximal ideals, soft primary ideals, and soft radical ideals are introduced for a soft ring over a given unitary commutative ring. consequently, the p...

let r be a commutative ring with identity. let n and k be two submodules of a multiplication r-module m. thenn=im and k=jm for some ideals i and j of r. the product of n and k denoted by nk is defined by nk=ijm. inthis paper we characterize some particular cases of multiplication modules by using the product of submodules.

the largest class of algebraic hyper structures satisfying the module like axioms is the v h -module. in this paper, we consider the category of v h -modules and prove that the direct limit alwaysexists in this category. direct limits are defined by a universal property, and so are unique. the mostpowerful tool in order to obtain a module from a given v h - module is the quotient out procedure....