Reverse osmosis (RO) technology has been widely applied to water treatment such as seawater desalination, and large RO plants are many in operation around the world. Moreover, much larger plants will be required to secure sufcient water resource in the near future because global water shortage and quality problems are still getting more serious. Mega-ton Water System pr...

As population and water demand increase, there is a growing need for alternative water supplies from water reuse and desalination systems. These systems are beneficial to water augmentation; however, there are concerns related to their carbon footprint. This study compiles the reported carbon footprint of these systems from existing literature, recognizes general trends of carbon footprint of w...

Forward (direct) osmosis (FO) using semi-permeable polymeric membranes may be a viable alternative to reverse osmosis as a lower cost and more environmentally friendly desalination technology. The driving force in the described FO process is provided by a draw solution comprising highly soluble gases—ammonia and carbon dioxide. Using a commercially available FO membrane, experiments conducted i...

Ionic polymer hydrogels with thermal responsive units are found to induce higher water permeation rates in the osmosis process, and higher water release rates under a combination of pressure and thermal stimuli. These hydrogels have the potential for use as draw agent in forward osmosis desalination.

► The new HTGR + MED coupling scheme was proposed. ► KAIST coupling scheme uses PCHE without any intermediate loop. ► KAIST coupling scheme has independent structure between MED and heat sink. ► Water production capacity increases by 258% compared to previous researcher's results. ► Water cost is reduced by 9.0% compared to previous researcher's results. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Th...

Small-scale photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis (PVRO) desalination plants can provide fresh water to remote communities that do not have sufficient natural sources. The technical feasibility of such systems is well-established and the economics for specific locations have been addressed. Recently, generalized methods to evaluate their economic feasibility have been proposed. They show that th...

The aim of this paper is to apply a fuzzy/possibilistic approach focus in the context of the Caribbean. The fuzzy model is obtained taking into account the behaviour of salinity and total dissolved solids content according to the season (dry or hurricane season). The methodology is based on the fact that minimal/maximal values of these parameters are target values along the year rather than fix...