This paper discusses central aspects of the effects of hierarchical structure on tonal scaling in intonation. The core results of a number of phonetic studies on this topic, by Ladd, by van den Berg, Gussenhoven and Rietveld, as well as experimental results of our own, are reviewed. We review the suggestions of this earlier work and argue for an addition to the theory. The principle The deeper ...

Previous studies have researched the possibility of studying the speaker idiosyncrasies on phonetic regularities, by means of temporal parameters like the segmental duration. In Spain we have an official language for all State, Castilian or Spanish language, and various community languages; Catalan language is the language of Catalonia, but people of Catalonia is bilingual. Besides, people of d...

[1] We want to thank Rietveld and Stubbe [2006] (hereinafter referred to as RS) for providing us with the opportunity to clarify the issues addressed by our work, including the differences in experimental results and theoretical interpretation with the early pioneering work of Rietveld et al. [1986, 1987, 1989] and Rietveld and Stubbe [1987]. We first apologize for the inadvertent omission of R...

This paper introduces a two-dimensional extension of the well established Rietveld refinement method for modeling neutron time-of-flight powder diffraction data. The novel approach takes into account the variation of two parameters, diffraction angle 2θ and wavelength λ, to optimally adapt to the varying resolution function in diffraction experiments. By doing so, the refinement against angular...

This study reports 78 Rietveld quantitative phase analyses using Cu Kα1, Mo Kα1 and synchrotron radiations. Synchrotron powder diffraction has been used to validate the most challenging analyses. From the results for three series with increasing contents of an analyte (an inorganic crystalline phase, an organic crystalline phase and a glass), it is inferred that Rietveld analyses from high-ener...

Two samples of compound PrBa&u,Os-s were prepared -one sample was obtained by starting with the oxalate coprecipitation technique in making the powder precursor following by the calcined and sintering process under ambient oxygen pressure, the other sample was obtained by using the conventional ceramic techniques. The structures of the two samples in crystalline phases have been refined from X-...

With only a 2.6 Å resolution laboratory powder diffraction pattern of the θ phase of Pigment Yellow 181 (P.Y. 181) available, crystal-structure solution and Rietveld refinement proved challenging; especially when the crystal structure was shown to be a triclinic dimethylsulfoxide N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (1:1:1) solvate. The crystal structure, which in principle has 28 possible degrees of freedom...