Interfacial behavior of hydroxide ions has been investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous KOH solutions between hydrophobic carbon-like walls. In agreement with previous calculations we show that a rigid, attractive wall strongly structures water molecules in neighboring hydration layers, leading to a concentration peak of hydrated OH ions located at about 5 Å from the ...

Murein, the rigid layer of the cell walls of almost all bacteria can be regarded as derivative of chitin. Within the sterically allowed region its polysaccharide chain can perform conformations with two-to threefold screw axes. Two dimensional Fourier transforms calculated from different possible conformations have been compared with data of density measurements, X-ray and elec­ tron diffractio...

The Canonical Ensemble We will develop the method of canonical ensembles by considering a system placed in a heat bath at temperature T. The canonical ensemble is the assembly of systems with fixed N and V. In other words we will consider an assembly of systems closed to others by rigid, diathermal, impermeable walls. The energy of the microstates can fluctuate, the system is kept in equilibriu...

In this paper a Bond Graph methodology described in a previous contribution is used to model incompressible one-dimensional duct flows with rigid walls. Since the volumetric flow is independent of position, the balance equations can be simplified. The volumetric flow and a nodal vector of entropy are defined as Bond Graph state variables. The state equations and the coupling with the inertial a...

Different techniques were compared for their effectiveness in the disruption of the rigid cell walls of Basidiomycetes. Grinding under liquid nitrogen, stirred glass bead milling and enzymatic cell lysis were applied to the mycelia of Pleurotus sapidus and Lepista irina grown submerged. Each of the disruption procedures was evaluated by testing the quantity and quality of released intracellular...

RDF has gained great interest in both academia and industry as an important language to describe graph data. Several approaches have been proposed for storing and querying RDF data efficiently; each works best under certain circumstances, e.g. certain types of data and/or queries. However, there was lack of a thorough understanding of exactly what these circumstances are, as different data-sets...

We introduce the notion of L2-rigidity for von Neumann algebras, a generalization of property (T) which can be viewed as an analogue for the vanishing of 1-cohomology into the left regular representation of a group. We show that L2-rigidity passes to normalizers and is satisfied by nonamenable II1 factors which are non-prime, have property Γ , or are weakly rigid. As a consequence we obtain tha...

Rigid plastic material models are suitable for modeling metal forming processes at large strains where elastic effects negligible. A distinguished feature of many this class is that the velocity field describable by non-differentiable functions in vicinity certain friction surfaces. Such solution behavior causes difficulty with numerical solutions. On other hand, it useful describing some near ...