The phenomenon of radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) in MS represents a key topic of clinical significance. Adults with RIS are asymptomatic at the time of presentation, but have brain MRI scans containing incidental findings highly suggestive of MS, and, importantly, a high rate—59%—of subsequent emergence of newMRI changes and a 5-year risk of clinical events of 34%. Of note, almost 10% o...

The aim of the study was to explore the genetic architecture influencing weight of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles. The weights of the slow-twitch soleus, the mixed gastrocnemius, the fast-twitch tibialis anterior (TA), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were 11-34% greater (P < 0.001) in 200-day-old C57BL/6J (B6) than in DBA/2J (D2) mice. Male muscles were 13-28% larger than fe...

Until very recently, analysis of bone biopsies by means of the method of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) collected after surgery or amputation has been considered as the sole reliable method for radiation dose assessment in hands and feet. EPR measurements in finger- and toenail have been considered for accident dosimetry for a long time. Human nails are very attractive biophysical materi...

An important issue in visible light communications (VLC) is how to boost up the system throughput even when line-of-sight (LOS) link blocked by obstacles. In this paper, we propose reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) based spatial modulation (SM) designs for VLC, which enable RIS modulate its own message on reflected signals. Compared with conventional RIS-assisted VLC systems, enabled SM ...

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have been recently introduced to optical wireless communication (OWC) networks resolve skip areas and improve the signal-to-noise ratio at user's end. In OWC networks, RIS are based on mirrors or metasurfaces. Metasurfaces evolved significantly over last few years. As a result, coding, digital, programmable, information metamaterials developed. The adva...

We report here the resection of a radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) of the left clavicle developed in a 59-year-old woman 13 years after radiation for breast cancer. Surgery consisted of extirpation of the tumor with a combined resection of the total layer of the chest wall, the left brachiocephalic vein, and the left subclavian vein, reconstructed with a pediculated musculocutaneous graft using ...

The development of a radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) in the post mastectomy thoracic treatment volume is an infrequent, but recognized, event. Its frequency is rising in relation with increasing survival of breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant radiation therapy, and is associated with poor prognosis despite treatment. We present a case of leiomyosarcoma in a patient who underwent mastec...

Thyroid disease is common in women of reproductive age, and the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy complicate the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. Trimesterand methodspecific reference intervals (RIs) for thyroid function tests (TFTs) are necessary and should be determined with thyroid autoantibody– negative individuals (1 ). Ethnic differences in TFT results exist among nonpreg...