Continental River Dynamics (CRD) is herein defined as modelling the flow dynamics in all channels of a continental-scale river basin using the physics-based Saint-Venant equations. At the boundary of hydraulics and hydrology, CRD requires significant collaborative efforts to make new progress. Six constraints and seven challenges are identified in the areas of dynamics, dimensionality, resoluti...

River flow is driven by along-channel pressure gradients and is modified by complex bathymetry that induces secondary flow. Riverine turbulence can be generated and enhanced by flow over sharp bathymetric features, obstructions, and bedforms, which produce macro-turbulent structures [1]. Understanding these details of river flow is challenging, yet important for their direct effects on sediment...

A survey of the river water frequently used by the Temuan Orang Asli (aborigine) indicated that 66.7% of the river water samples were Giardia cyst positive and 5.6% were Cryptosporidium oocyst positive. Although Giardia cysts were detected in samples from all the sites (e.g. upstream, midstream, and downstream), Cryptosporidium was only present in one river water sample taken from downstream fr...

Construction of earthen flood control embankments is an established practice in Bangladesh for protecting people’s lives and homes, agriculture and infrastructures. The paper reports the results of recent status of river and flood control embankments in Bangladesh based on the field visits to embankments site, collected data and information on failure and on-service embankments during field vis...

Typhoid fever continues to pose public health problems in Selangor where cases are found sporadically with occasional outbreaks reported. In February 2009, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah (HTAR) reported a cluster of typhoid fever among four children in the pediatric ward. We investigated the source of the outbreak, risk factors for the infection to propose control measures. We conducted a case-...

Decisions about water pollution control and management in river systems are increasingly based on predictions made with water quality models. Many uncertainties are associated with the development and calibration of such models and thus affect the model predictions. Therefore it often is necessary to perform a model reliability analysis prior to or as a supplement to model application to water ...

T he flow of the Los Angeles River, ever-precarious and never navigable, attracted settlement along its shifting course for centuries. When the cataclysmic 1938 flood followed on the heels of lesser, recurrent flooding, the straightening and channeling of fifty-one miles of the river began in earnest, until engineers had riven the city with a concrete conduit from the Chatsworth hills to the So...

Once cut off from the main stem of the river, oxbow lakes commonly remain connected to the active river through narrow self-formed channels which evolve at the time of lake formation. These channels, referred to here as “tie channels” (Blake and Ollier 1971), allow the regular exchange of water and sediment; flow enters the lake when river stage exceeds lake stage and drains from the lake as ri...

riparian vegetation is a component of river system that performs certain basic functions including primary vegetative production, protecting stream banks from erosion, trapping sediments, promoting water quality, wildlife habitat and fisheris, forage for livestock, etc. in this research, spatio-temporal change of vegetation riparian area of aghbolagh-river as an upstream of karoon-river for 65-...