Since the specific energy consumption (SEC) required for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has been steeply reduced over past few decades, there is an increasing demand high-selectivity membranes. However, it still hard to find research papers empirically dealing with salt rejection of RO membranes and addressing SEC change possibly occurring while rejection. Herein, we examined feasibility pro...

Environmental issues related to desalination are a major factor in the design and implementation of desalination technologies. An acceptable desalination plant is expected to meet environmental regulations; be cost-effective in terms of construction, operation and management, as well as the costs associated with monitoring and permit fees. Some major environmental concerns include issues relate...

Nature uses air as a carrier gas to desalinate seawater through evaporation and rain. Several investigators have previously studied desalination cycles based on carrier gas processes. However, single pressure carrier gas cycles suffer from low energy recovery and hence low performance. Here we discuss a novel carrier gas cycle which operates under varied pressure. This cycle operates the evapor...

Pretreatment of reverse osmosis (RO) feed water high mineral scaling propensity was evaluated with respect to downstream RO membrane scaling, for two different pretreatment configurations. The schemes included (i) media sand filtration, followed by a hydrocyclone (HC) and (ii) hydrocyclone, microfilter, UF module, where both configurations mesh screens added protection. first configuration redu...

Growing demand for water desalination promoted the vigorous development of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. How to effectively remove boron from seawater is key problem be solved by RO It important select suitable membrane materials experimental design before complicated and expensive attempts. In this paper, we demonstrate that pore chemistry plays a role in removal capability membranes via none...

A large number of resources are dedicated to seawater desalination and will only grow as world-wide water scarcity increases. In arid areas with high temperature and salinity seawater, thermal desalination and power plants (dual-purpose/co-generation plants) are often employed for the production of power and water. In other areas, reverse osmosis is commonly employed. However, both technologies...

The pervaporative desalination of synthetic seawater and brines was studied to explore the water flux salt rejection a thin-film composite (TFC) membrane made polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dip-coated on porous polysulfone support. Despite hydrophobic nature rubbery PDMS, we demonstrate that nonporous TFC membranes exhibit remarkable performance as evidenced by very high permeance 99.8 ± 0.2% NaCl...

Desalination technologies improve water quality, greatly reduce water shortage problems, and improve quality of life and economic status. Two main technologies are currently used in water desalination: thermal (phase-change) processes and membrane processes. The primary thermal distillation processes include multistage flash distillation (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED), and vapor compres...