To understand the relationship between vernalization and endogenous phytohormones on bolting, phytohormone levels transcriptome changes were measured by LC-MS/MS RNA sequencing before (CK), at end of 16 weeks (Vel) 5 days after (Re). A total 32 compounds significantly changed vernalization; especially, content abscisic acid (ABA) jasmonic (JA) was dramatically decreased more than sixteen three ...

In Oncidium, redox homeostasis involved in flowering is mainly due to ascorbic acid (AsA). Here, we discovered that Oncidium floral repression is caused by an increase in AsA-mediated NO levels, which is directed by the enzymatic activities of nitrate reductase (NaR) and nitrite reducatase (NiR). Through Solexa transcriptomic analysis of two libraries, 'pseudobulb with inflorescent bud' (PIB) a...

Reproductive timing is a critical life-history event that could influence the (co)variation of traits developing later in ontogeny by regulating exposure to seasonally variable factors. In a field experiment with Arabidopsis thaliana, we explore whether allelic variation at a flowering-time gene of major effect (FRIGIDA) affects (co)variation of floral traits by regulating exposure to photoperi...

Phenological traits often show variation within and among natural populations of annual plants. Nevertheless, the adaptive value of post-anthesis traits is seldom tested. In this study, we estimated the adaptive values of pre- and post-anthesis traits in two stressful environments (water stress and interspecific competition), using the selfing annual species Arabidopsis thaliana. By estimating ...

ii Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and does not include any work that is the outcome of collaboration. No part of this dissertation has been submitted at Cambridge or any other University for a degree, diploma or other qualification. The total length of this dissertation is 13150 words. Acknowledgements The author would like to thank the following: Professor Bhadeshia...

Onion is an herbaceous biennial monocot cultivated as annual. In most research the greater seed yield in onion cultivars used to be due higher range of stalks per plant and a wider umbel diameter which had been influenced through utility Nitrogen Phosphorus fertilizers. The wide variety flower opening on every day was by using hours sunshine attention phosphorous nitrogen. remedies tended decre...

As networks grow in size and complexity, network management has become an increasingly challenging task. We argue that “bolting on” network-management functions to the existing architecture is the wrong approach. Instead, networks should be designed with management in mind from the beginning. We focus on two important aspects of network management: tomography and optimization. We present princi...

This paper presents an approach to Cartesian controlled heavy machines. The system under investigation is a drill rig equipped with two drilling booms each actuated by eight hydraulic drives. To improve accuracy and efficiency in both possible operation modes, drilling and bolting, a Cartesian control system has been implemented, which takes advantage of using different subsets of the redundant...