Introduction: Martian gullies were first identified by Malin and Edgett [1]. Previous work [2] has examined the characteristics of gullies in the southern hemisphere in detail. Less detailed work has been done for the northern hemisphere [3,4]. Gullies are found predominantly in the midlatitudes of both hemispheres between 30°-50° [1,2], which implies a thermal control on their formation. Sever...

The assessment of rock slope stability is usually controlled by the presence discontinuities. block theory an established method in practical engineering to predict slopes. A maximum two discontinuity planes are considered application theory. It would lead inaccurate prediction slopes with multiple planes. novel for estimating safety margin proposed, which capable considering contribution all d...

Geology and the detailed understanding of its properties are fundamental to the optimal design and successful operation of any mine. To that end, extensive fieldwork was conducted at Sandsloot open pit (PPRust— Anglo Platinum) to collect geotechnical information both from exploration boreholes and in-pit mining faces. Over a fie-year period, geotechnical data were collected from 29, 213 m of ex...