While the effects of legal and institutional arrangements on political participation are well documented, little attention has been given to the potential participatory effects of one of the United States’ most important electoral laws: constitutionally mandated reapportionment. By severing the ties between constituents and their incumbents, we argue, redistricting raises information costs, lea...

Abstract Flexible Roll Forming (FRF) is an advanced manufacturing process that can be used to form long and complex part families from hard materials for the automotive truck industry. However, depending on complexity material strength shape defects such as end flare, springback twist occur. In this work a high (Sled runner) produced 3 steels; component combines variations in width depth. The o...

"Sputnik" is a dsDNA virus, referred to as a virophage, that is coassembled with Mimivirus in the host amoeba. We have used cryo-EM to produce an electron density map of the icosahedral Sputnik virus at 3.5-Å resolution, sufficient to verify the identity of most amino acids in the capsid proteins and to establish the identity of the pentameric protein forming the fivefold vertices. It was also ...

The peak strain (PS) of sheet metal highly affects the process design and quality roll formed product. Different from traditional forming technology (RFT) that all cross section contours product are rolled simultaneously, a symmetric RFT is developed with respect to corrugated channels avoid defects like tearing, twist, redundant deformations. behaviors their strains subsequently simulated fini...

Abstract Modeling of roll forming process sheet metal requires efficient treatment plastic deformations thin shells and plates. We suggest a new general approach toward constructing the governing equations bending an elastic‐plastic Kirchhoff plate on structural mechanics level. The generic function isotropic hardening law is formulated in terms variables, which are meaningful for material surf...