STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Root surface contamination or infection can potentially change the consequences of regenerative periodontal therapies and therefore the modification and disinfection of the contaminated root surfaces are necessary. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the surface characteristics of the extracted human teeth after exposure to four root conditioners in different time peri...

The aim of this study was to compare the amount of irrigant extrusion in simulated immature permanent teeth when the apical diameter and needle insertion depth were varied. Thirty single-rooted maxillary incisors with straight root canals were selected. The root length was standardized to a length of 9 mm. The teeth were divided into two experimental groups according to the degree of apical enl...

OBJECTIVES Various forms of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) aortopathy exist, and the optimal treatment for the different subgroups is insufficiently defined. We aimed to analyse the risk of adverse aortic events after aortic valve replacement (AVR) for BAV insufficiency and concomitant mild-to-moderate dilatation of the aortic root (i.e. BAV root phenotype). METHODS A total of 56 consecutive pat...

Trauma to young permanent teeth is common and subsequently such incidents leads to pulpal inflammation or necrosis. If trauma occurs before the completion of root formation, the process of root end closure is halted. Retreatment of such teeth is challenging as the apical diameter is often larger than the coronal diameter. Also, open apex and lack of apical stop makes obturation of the canal dif...

An effort carried out to find out the smaller size of cuttings for propagation ofMorus alba in Experimental area, Department of Forestry, Range Management and Wildlife, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 2005. Different size of cuttings i.e.5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm were planted in polythene tubes of 9 cm x 18 cm. The attempt was also made to compare the performance of cuttings outdoor a...

—Numerous authors have reported on the importance of the number of firstorder lateral roots (FOLR) when evaluating the morphological quality of nursery hardwood seedlings. Studies have shown that seedlings with a greater quantity of FOLR outperform seedlings with a lesser quantity of FOLR in the field. However, the FOLR measure may be limited in its ability to quantify root system morphology. A...