Experiments and computer simulations demonstrate that water spontaneously fills the hydrophobic cavity of a carbon nanotube. To gain a quantitative thermodynamic understanding of this phenomenon, we use the recently developed two phase thermodynamics method to compute translational and rotational entropies of confined water molecules inside single-walled carbon nanotubes and show that the incre...

Photodissociation of isobutyraldehyde (C3H7CHO) at 248 nm is investigated using time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared emission spectroscopy to demonstrate the growing importance of the roaming pathway with increasing molecular size of aliphatic aldehydes. Each acquired CO rotational distribution from v = 1 to 4 is well characterized by a single Boltzmann rotational temperature from 637 to 75...

Following photodissociation of fluorobenzene (C(6)H(5)F) at 193 nm, rotationally resolved emission spectra of HF(1<or= v <or= 4) in the spectral region 2800-4000 cm(-1) are detected with a step-scan Fourier-transform spectrometer. In the period 0.1-1.1 mus after photolysis, HF(v <or= 4) shows similar Boltzmann-type rotational distributions corresponding to a temperature approximately 1830 K; a ...

With the energy surface of the nucleus in U(5) symmetry being analyzed in the framework of thermodynamics, the vibration and rotation phase diagram in terms of the angular momentum and deformation parameter is given. Together with examining the energy spectrum, we propose a theoretical approach to describe the vibrational to axially rotational phase transition along the yrast line. By analyzing...

nowadays the position of the renewable energy is so important because of the environment pollution and the limitation of fossil fuels in the world. energy can be generated more and more by the renewable sources, but the fossil fuels are non-renewable. one of the most important renewable sources is the wind energy. the wind energy is an appropriate alternative source of fossil fuel. the replacem...

Spontaneous rotational preferences in swimming of mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) were investigated. Females, but not males, swam in circular tanks preferentially anticlockwise in the afternoon but not in the morning. Females' rotational preferences appeared to be related to a sun-compass orientation mechanism, as they disappeared under diffuse lighting conditions and when using naive females...

We use the α-α cluster model to describe the properties of 8Be. The rotational energy sequence of the (0+, 2+, 4+) resonances are reproduced with the complex energy scaling technique for Ali-Bodmer and Buck potentials. However, both static and transition probabilities are far from the rotational values. We trace this observation to the prominent continuum properties of the 2+ and 4+ resonances....

We report a generalization of a nonequilibrium thermodynamic theory for the mesoscopic dynamics of radially symmetric interacting particles to anisotropic pairwise interactions and attain the one- and two-particle Fokker-Planck kinetics equations at a low-density limit that provides the translational-rotational coupling of their motion due to hydrodynamic interactions, from which we derived the...

The femtosecond real-time dynamics of the isomerization reaction of trans-stilbene under collisionless conditions are studied using (2+1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and femtosecond depletion spectroscopy (FDS) in a pump-probe scheme. The observed transients reflect the macroscopic sample anisotropy decay (rotational coherence) and intramolecular vibrational energy redistr...

A comprehensive, calculated line list of frequencies and transition probabilities for the singly deuterated isotopologue of H3 , H2D +, is presented. The line list, called ST1, contains over 22 million rotational-vibrational transitions occurring between more than 33 thousand energy levels; it covers frequencies up to 18 500 cm−1. All energy levels with rotational quantum number, J, up to 20 ar...