Recent years have witnessed a controversy over Heisenberg’s famous error-disturbance relation. Here we resolve the conflict by way of an analysis of the possible conceptualizations of measurement error and disturbance in quantum mechanics. We discuss two approaches to adapting the classic notion of root-mean-square error to quantum measurements. One is based on the concept of noise operator; it...

Effect of contraction intensity [100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)] and movement velocity [0 degrees (isometric)], 50 degrees, 100 degrees, 200 degrees, and 400 degrees/sec. [isovelocities]) on root mean square amplitude (SEMG-RMS) and median frequency power spectrum (SEMG-MNF) of vastus lateralis (VL) surface electromyography was investigated with ten healthy female u...

Diaphragm activation can be quantified by measuring the root mean square of crural EMG (RMSdi) (Beck J, Sinderby C, Lindstrom L, and Grassino A, J Appl Physiol 85: 1123-1134, 1998). To examine intersubject and day-to-day variation in the RMSdi-Pco(2) relationship, end-tidal Pco(2), minute ventilation (Ve), respiratory frequency (f(B)), and RMSdi were measured in seven healthy subjects on two oc...

The size of conformational ensembles required for regular coverage of the conformational space of druglike molecules was examined. Using the conformer generation program Omega, the number of regularly distributed conformers (NRC) of flexible compounds was determined as a function of the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) resolution of coverage. A regression equation was developed predicting the ...

A set of perception experiments, using reiterant speech, were designed to carry out a diagnostic of the segmentation / hierarchisation linguistic function of prosody. The prosodic parameters of F0, syllabic duration and intensity of the stimuli used during this experiment were extracted. Several dissimilarity measures (Correlation, root-mean-square distance and mutual information) were used to ...

AIM To analyze the correlations between ocular biomechanical and biometric data of the eye, measured by Scheimpflug-based devices on healthy subjects. METHODS Three consecutive measurements were carried out using the corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (CorVis ST) device on healthy eyes and the 10 device-specific parameters were recorded. Pentacam HR-derived parameters (corneal curva...

This study aims to examine alternative methods of normalization that effectively reflect muscle activity as compared to Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC). EMG data recorded from knee flexion-extension muscles in 10 control subjects during the stance phase of the gait cycle were examined by adopting different approaches of normalization: MVC, Mean and Peak Dynamic during gait cycles, (MDM and ...

The elbow extension angle during bowling in cricket may be calculated from the positions of markers attached around the shoulder, elbow and wrist using an automated laboratory-based motion analysis system. The effects of two elbow-marker sets were compared. In the first, a pair of markers was placed medially and laterally close to the condyles while in the second a triad of markers was placed o...

This paper is proposed a cell-specific reference signals (RSs)-based residual frequency offset (RFO) estimation scheme for 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) downlink in timevarying channels. For the computational efficiency and alleviate the effects of noise, two consecutive OFDM symbols which have same subcarrier index of cell-specific RSs are used. An analytical closed-form expression of the mea...