Both the weighted and unweighted Unifrac distances have been very successfully employed to assess if two communities differ, but do not give any information about how two communities differ. We take advantage of recent observations that the Unifrac metric is equivalent to the so-called earth mover’s distance (also known as the Kantorovich-Rubinstein metric) to develop an algorithm that not only...

Volume 90, Number 1 www.aafp.org/afp American Family Physician 47 A 24-year-old asymptomatic man requested a chest radiograph for routine tuberculosis screening. He did not have difficulty breathing, palpitations, chest pain, or edema. His medical history was significant for scoliosis and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, a rare genetic condition that causes short stature, broad thumbs and toes, hirsu...

A retrospective radiographic review was performed of 29 patients (37 feet) who underwent an isolated medial approach for correction of hallux abducto valgus deformity from March 1993 to November 1998. Only those patients who had a traditional Austin-type osteotomy with a reducible first metatarsophalangeal joint and flexible first ray were included in the study. The average follow-up period for...

How significant are individual differences in self-control? Do these differences impact wealth accumulation? From where do they derive? Our survey-based measure of self-control provides insights into all three questions: 1. There are individual differences in self-control not only of a quantitative but also of a qualitative nature. In our sample, standard self-control problems of over-consumpti...

Abstract. We prove an inequality on the Kantorovich-Rubinstein distance – which can be seen as a particular case of a Wasserstein metric– between two solutions of the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff, but with a moderate angular singularity. Our method is in the spirit of [7]. We deduce some well-posedness and stability results in the physically relevant cases of ...