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This study was conducted to determine the effect of nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) and crude protein (CP) present in formula feed on rumen fermentation characteristics growth performance weaned Hanwoo calves. Forty calves were randomly assigned four dietary groups based NFC CP levels as follows: high (HN) at 38%-42%, low (LN) 33%-36%, (HP) 25%-26%, (LP) 23%-24%. These categorized HN-HP, HN-LP, LN...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the relationships between nutrients degradability, kinetics of hydration, functional specific gravity (FSG) of the three types of beet pulp (BP) including fine (FBP), normal (NBP) and pelleted (PBP) BP. In experiment 1, about 3 g of samples was weighed in sealed nylon bags (6 cm×7.5 cm, 40±5 µm pore size), incubated in rumen of two cannulated Holstein ...

The objective of this experiment was to determine the relationship between corn kernel vitreousness and ruminal in situ starch degradation. Fourteen U.S. and five Brazilian corn hybrids cultivated in their respective countries were evaluated. The U.S. dent hybrids were harvested at one-half milk line, black layer, and 21 d after black layer stages of maturity. Brazilian flint hybrids were harve...

Ten Holstein steers (465 +/- 6 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a crossover design experiment to evaluate the influence of air-dry vs fresh steam-flaked corn on characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion. The basal diet contained 77% steam-flaked corn (DM basis). Air-dry steam-flaked corn (SFC-AD) was obtained from a single batch that had been allowed ...

Taurine accounts for approximately 0.1% of an animal’s body. It cannot be used protein synthesis but plays a wide range important roles in the animal does not exist plants, while mammals can only synthesize 30–40% taurine they need. Supplementing to beef cattle may necessary improve their nutrient utilization and health status. However, no data are available regarding metabolism rumen. Two vitr...