We believe that wireless infrastructure can have an unprecedented positive impact on the economic and social development of the rural areas of developing regions. We look at four aspects of rural connectivity that are poorly understood and that should affect both proposed solutions and policy: the limitations of cellular, the need to focus on non-mobile endpoints, the use of unlicensed spectrum...

BACKGROUND The population of Ghana is increasingly becoming urbanized with about 70% of the estimated 27 million people living in urban and peri-urban areas. Nonetheless, eight out of the ten regions in Ghana remain predominantly rural where only 32% of the national health sector workforce works. Moreover, the rural-urban disparities in the density of health tutors (staff responsible for pre-se...

INTRODUCTION Urban centres often perform audits of vancomycin use as they face outbreaks of resistant organisms. We undertook this study to understand the indications and duration of intravenous vancomycin in a rural setting. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart audit for all patients who received intravenous vancomycin over a 3-year period at a rural hospital in northwestern Ontario. ...

that in rural Uttar Pradesh (UP), only about one-fourth of women delivered their last child in an institution.a In 2005 the Janani Suraksha Yojana ( JSY) was launched as an intervention to address the barriers to institutional delivery, through the introduction of community-based women volunteers called Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs). Women in rural areas in low performing states ar...

Introduction Introduction of comprehensive framework for community-based monitoring (CBM) and planning at various levels of the public health system has been one of the most significant policy initiatives under the national rural health mission. One of the key considerations while introducing this large-scale social experiment was to fill the accountability deficit of the public health system b...

extended abstract 1. introduction a complementary activity that could replace agriculture is now needed more than ever, given the increase of rural immigration, the decrease of income in rural households and the decline in the agricultural sector. moreover, due to the inequality and widespread poverty among rural people in the developing societies, the development of rural tourism could be an i...

Sub-Saharan Africa remains the least urbanized region of the world and more than 60% of the population, 570 million people, still live in rural areas [1]. Over the next few decades Africa will be one of the most rapidly urbanizing regions [2], and with this transition is an expected rise in cardiovascular risk factors and disease (CVD) [3]. Across sub-Saharan Africa, many adults migrate back an...

The present study examines the differences between levels of selected structural and functional features of boys 11-13 years in age from regions with varying levels of air pollution, including an industrial and rural region. The sample consisted of 213 boys from the industrial region and 98 from the rural region. Somatic, respiratory parameters and motor abilities were evaluated in both groups....

Banks play a key role in helping rural regions transform their economies by funding new business ventures. In rural America, community bankers often have a unique perspective on their local economy and local business prospects, thanks to their heavy personal involvement and face-to-face contact with customers. But community banks must now face a challenging new lending landscape. Rural banks ha...