This paper develops dynamic structural models --an option value model and a dynamic programming model-of the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) application decision. We estimate the time to application from the point at which a health condition first begins to affect the kind or amount of work that a currently employed person can do. We use the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) augment...

there is a doubt about pledge of intellectual property rights in considering of articles 774 and 772 of iranian civil code. the principal goal of this paper is the reforming study of the roots of these articles.in the first chapter, we argue that is it feasible to pledge intangible things? and in the second one, we suggest some solutions for their delivery.

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diversion, which is discussed briefly in the science of usul al-fiqh in the chapter on the absolute and qualified, while playing a notable role in different chapters of jurisprudence, is of varieties. surveying the concept of diversion and its varieties, the present essay expounds its effects and results and emphasizes its important role in the process of inferring juristic precepts