Sacral insufficiency fractures frequently cause significant pain and limit activities of daily living in patients with osteoporosis. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a common procedure to alleviate the pain associated with thoracic and lumbar vertebral compression fractures. The sacral percutaneous vertebroplasty procedure (sacroplasty) has recently been introduced as an alternative to medical ma...

A cDNA encoding an Na+-Pi co-transporter, termed rat PiT-1, has now been isolated from rat parathyroid. Expression of rat PiT-1 in Xenopus oocytes revealed that it possesses Na+-dependent Pi co-transport activity. The amount of PiT-1 mRNA in the parathyroid of vitamin D-deficient rats was reduced compared with that in normal animals, and increased markedly after administration of 1,25-dihydroxy...

Prophet of Pit-1 (Prop1) is a transcription factor that regulates Pit-1 gene expression. Because Pit-1 regulates the differentiation of pituitary cells and the expressions of GH, prolactin and TSHbeta genes, Prop1 mutation results in combined pituitary hormone deficiency in humans. However, Prop1-binding sites in human Pit-1 gene and the mechanism leading to combined pituitary hormone deficienc...

Shelter staff and veterinarians routinely make subjective dog breed identification based on appearance, but their accuracy regarding pit bull-type breeds is unknown. The purpose of this study was to measure agreement among shelter staff in assigning pit bull-type breed designations to shelter dogs and to compare breed assignments with DNA breed signatures. In this prospective cross-sectional st...

Pre-sacral epidermoid cysts are rare development cysts resulting from dysembryogenesis mostly diagnosed in middle aged women. We report a case of pre-sacral epidermoid cyst presenting with recurrent perianal sinus in young girl. Generally pre-sacral epidermoid cysts are seen in adult age group but it is rare presentation in young age group. We report a rare case of presacral epidermoid cyst occ...

Sacral colpopexy is the gold standard for vaginal vault suspension throughout the literature. The operation is considered to be invasive yet very effective. The laparoscopic approach to the sacral colpopexy is not only effective but can have minimal morbidity in the correct surgeon's hands. The authors have performed more than 500 sacral colpopexy via laparoscopy with minimal morbidity and thus...

Fifteen cases of primary sacral pathology were analyzed. High-resolution computed tomography was found to be the most accurate means of studying these cases. Certain anatomic changes involving the central canal and sacral foramina were found to be helpful in determining the type of pathology. Although conventional plain films, radionuclide bone scans, and myelography were useful in certain case...

Tests of Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) demonstrate that reward-predictive stimuli can exert a powerful motivational influence on the performance of instrumental actions. Recent evidence suggests that predictive stimuli produce this effect through either the general arousal (general PIT) or the specific predictions (outcome-specific PIT) produced by their association with reward. In two ...

This study offers initial research on Physically Interactive Technology (PIT). Findings of this research reveal how people made sense of PIT, how the ways people understand PIT reveal presence due to physical interaction, and how PIT challenges the definition of online interaction. Current and past literature on social presence theory and social cues theory provide a rationale for how “present”...

One of the most important steps of this technique is the correct topographic anatomic identification of the posterior sacral foramina on the body surface of the sacrum [6,7]. Although the sacrum’s anatomy is recognized to be highly variable. In the literature there are several studies regarding the variable morphology of the sacrum that also shows high incidence of sacral malformations, ranging...