The notion that hypertension is caused by a high-salt diet is more than a hundred years old, but much of its history is punctuated by controversy. The earliest study that reported a positive correlation between salt intake and blood pressure in humans was published in 1904 and was refuted just three years later (1). Although this ambiguity was echoed by numerous reports over the next 40 years, ...

Insulin resistance has been demonstrated in patients with essential hypertension, and insulin-mediated sodium retention is believed to contribute to hypertension in these individuals. Recently, a hyperinsulinemic response to an oral glucose load has been found in salt-sensitive normotensive subjects, suggesting that insulin resistance may be present in these hypertension-prone individuals befor...

The functional balance between angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in modulating salt sensitivity. Estrogen has been shown to downregulate angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor expression and to increase the bioavailability of endothelium-derived NO, which decreases AT1 receptor expression. The present study tests the hypothesis that in the presence of genetic salt sensit...

The role of the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) in hypertension remains unknown even if it appears that the inappropriately decreased 11betaHSD activity might be involved in a process that leads to high blood pressure. The possible changes of 11betaHSD were therefore investigated in rats with spontaneous or salt-induced hypertension. The adult male rats of the following g...

The effect of chronic hypertension on acute hypertensive disruption of the blood-brain barrier has been studied in only two models of hypertension, with inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to reinvestigate whether chronic hypertension has a consistent effect on acute hypertensive disruption of the blood-brain barrier and to determine whether one of the previously studied models ...

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a HDL-associated esterase/lactonase and its activity is inversely related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a high-salt diet on serum PON1 activity in fructose-fed insulin-resistant rats. Adult male Fischer rats were initially divided into two groups. Control (CON), which received a normal salt diet and dri...

Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism are commonly associated with altered blood pressure (BP). Restriction of sodium in the diet produces a decrease in BP in some individuals. It is also well known that hormones other than thyroid affect BP. The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of a low sodium diet on BP in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism during therapy. The occ...

219 Abstract: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary salt restriction and loading on extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal hypertrophy in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg, iv) into male Wistar rats. Four groups were formed: a) the diabetic ...

High salt dry expanded diets are commercially available for cats to increase water intake and urine volume, as part of the prevention or treatment of naturally occurring urinary stone formation (calcium oxalates and struvites). However, chronic high salt intake may have potential cardiovascular adverse effects in both humans, especially in aging individuals, and several animal models. The objec...