We investigated the use of a commercial spectrocolorimeter and the application of two color models (L* a* b* colorimetric system and spectral reflectance distribution) to describe and quantify cartilage plugs in a rabbit model of osteochondral autografting. Osteochondral plugs were removed and then replaced in their original positions in Japanese white rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed at 4 ...

Urinary stone disease is a very common disease whose prevalence is still increasing. Stone formation is frequently associated with other diseases of affluence such as hypertension, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. The increasing concentration of lithogenic solutes along the different segments of the nephron involves supersaturation conditions lea...

Sorted circles emerge as self-organized patterns from a laterally uniform active layer that becomes laterally sorted as frost heave deforms the interface between a stone layer and an underlying soil layer. In a three-dimensional, cellular model of the active layer, cyclic freezing and thawing drives transport of stone and soil particles by (1) addition of ice particles representing soil expansi...

Intact yeast cells subjected to a punctual electric field (in an electroporator) can be transformed with exogenous DNA (1), indicating that DNA molecules can move into the cell through the cell wall. In pulsed-field electrophoresis, we have also observed that removal of the cell wall is an unnecessary step for the large chromosomal DNA molecules (ranging from 2000 to 240 Kb), as well as for mit...

Many procedures for the preparation of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) libraries use size selection of insert DNA by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to remove small molecules and increase the average size of clones (1). In most cases, the compression zone containing the focused partial digestion products is used for ligation to artificial chromosome arms. In some cases, particularly i...