The influence of timing jitter on quadrature charge sampling for a direct conversion receiver has been evaluated. In contrast to voltage sampling, the charge sampling mixer integrates the signal current instead of tracking the signal voltage. The charge sampling mixer has been applied to RF direct sampling in wireless receivers. The influence of timing jitter on charge sampling has been analyse...

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become standard method for treating gallstone. However, different centres have reported different complications and conversion rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate complications and conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy into open cholecystectomy in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University, Nepal. METHODS Files of all patients who h...

Laparoscopy for diagnostic and operative purposes offers specific advantages to the patient. Apart from the aesthetic appeal, the shorter hospitalization, a more rapid return to normal activity than after traditional open surgery and decreased postoperative morbidity are particularly strong arguments for laparoscopic surgery. Currently, the most frequently performed laparoscopic upper abdominal...

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was attempted in 847 patients, 823 (97.2%) were completed laparoscopically and 24 (2.8%) had to be converted to open cholecystectomy (OC). Acute cholecystitis was the commonest reason for conversion (13 out of 24 patients). Patients who had acute cholecystitis are five times at risk for conversion to open than other patients with non-acute cholecystitis (p< 0.0...

In this article, we propose a new frame rate up-conversion (FRU) method for temporal quality enhancement. The proposed FRU algorithm employs gradual and adaptive motion estimation based on confidence priority for selecting more accurate motion vectors (MVs). In order to estimate accurate MVs, we adaptively alternate a search range and the order of blocks to be searched depending on the confiden...

Modern pulse compression radar involves digital signal processing of high bandwidth pulses modulated with different coding schemes. One of the limiting factors in the radar’s design to achieve desired target range and resolution is the need of high rate analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion fulfilling the Nyquist sampling criteria. The high sampling rates necessitate huge storage capacity, more po...

The principle difficulty with the analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) is that heart rate dynamics are non-linear and non-stationary. Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and correlation dimension (CD) are non-linear HRV measures to quantify fractal-like autocorrelation properties and to characterize the complex behaviour of nonlinear time series. Optimal ECG sampling rate is an importa...

We present a sub-Nyquist analog-to-digital converter of wideband inputs. Our circuit realizes the recently proposed modulated wideband converter, which is a flexible platform for sampling signals according to their actual bandwidth occupation. The theoretical work enables, for example, a sub-Nyquist wideband receiver, which has no prior information on the transmitter carrier positions. Our desi...