More percentage of new productions in oil industry is from unconventional oil and gas such as oil shale, tar sand, laminated sand, tight oil (siltstone), tight gas, gas hydrate, and igneous rock, because the conventional oil and gas can no longer meet the need of the world. Researchers in response pay more attentions to the unconventional resources. Formation properties such as total organic ca...

The use of reclaimed wastewater in agriculture can be a solution for regions with water shortages or low rainfall periods; besides fulfilling the crop's water needs, it would also promote the recycle of nutrients. However, care should be taken regarding soil salinization, especially in closed environments such as greenhouses for the cultivation of ornamental plants. The domestic effluents are r...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the production feasibility of triaxial whiteware using sand from cast iron moulds as a raw material instead of silica, and recycled glass in place of feldspar. Formulations were prepared using sand, glass waste, and white-firing clay such that only 50% of the composition was virgin material (clay). The ceramic bodies were formed by pressing and fired at...

An algorithm for simulating wind-ripples and moving sand is extended by the detection of fixed objects. This permits us simulation and animation of sand interacting with objects like houses, highways, cactuses, etc. Sand is accumulated on the windward side of an obstacle and the sand relocation and wind-ripples formation is diminished on the leeward side. The wind shadow depends on the object’s...

Slow sand filters (SSF) are a simple water treatment technology providing an important alternative to conventional drinking treatment. SSF extensive in terms of carbon cost and chemical use but require large land area complex operate, as periodic cleaning is required prevent filter clogging. Therefore, redundant beds enable production occur during long downtimes. Underwater skimming (UWS) innov...

Horqin Sandy Land is located in northeast China (4241’-4515’N, 11835’-12330’E). The wind-sand topography in Horqin Sandy Land can be described as two series--sand deposition and wind erosion. Wind is the natural force for the formation of wind-sandy environment, under windsandy environment, the wind erosion processes such as sand drifting, dust-storm, etc. occurred frequently because of the fre...