Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease that tends to involve the lungs, hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, eyes, skin, bones, and nervous system. Sarcoidosis involves the larynx less commonly than it afflicts these other sites. Laryngeal sarcoidosis may occur in isolation or as a component of systemic sarcoidosis and it may produce hoarseness, dysphagia, and dyspnea. Life-threate...

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease, which is thought to result from an aberrant immune response. CD4+ T lymphocytes play an important role in the development of granulomas. Previously, the immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis was focused on Th1/Th2 disturbances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the balance between newer CD4+ T lymphocytes, i.e., Treg and Th17 cells. In our studie...

BACKGROUND Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a noninvasive and useful technique for evaluating interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Flow cytometric analysis of BAL fluid reveals specific diagnostic information in some unusual ILDs, and helps to narrow down the possible causes of interstitial diseases in most patients with more common disorders. A high BAL CD4/CD8 ratio is highly specific for sarcoi...

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder invariably affecting the lungs. It is a disease with noteworthy variations in clinical manifestation and disease outcome and has been described as an "immune paradox" with peripheral anergy despite exaggerated inflammation at disease sites. Despite extensive research, sarcoidosis remains a disease with undetermined aetiology. Current evidence ...

Using a modified cell-free culture medium, a mycoplasma was isolated from sarcoid lymph nodes in two cases and from sarcoid skin lesions in four out of seven cases of chronic sarcoidosis. Growth inhibition tests showed that the isolates were related to Mycoplasma orale type 1. By the indirect haemagglutination method, 244 cases of definite or probable sarcoidosis, 160 patients with other diseas...

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic inflammatory disease that commonly affects the lungs and lymphatic system and is characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas. Although the association between sarcoidosis and malignant diseases has been well described, it remains controversial whether this association is merely a coincidence or the consequence of a common pathophysiological mechanis...

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe complication of sarcoidosis, with an unknown prevalence. The aetiology is multifactorial, and the exact mechanism of PH in the individual patient is often difficult to establish. The diagnostic work-up and treatment of PH in sarcoidosis is complex, and should therefore be determined by a multidisciplinary expert team in a specialised centre. It is still a...

It should have been a wake-up call. Thirty years ago, TOMLINSON and SAHN [1] found that seven out of 12 (58%) patients with aspergillosis complicating sarcoidosis died over a 2 year period. Three years earlier, WOLLSCHLAGER and KHAN [2] had found evidence of aspergillosis in 12% of 100 consecutive sarcoidosis referrals, and aspergillomas were found in 53% of the 19 patients with fibrocystic asp...

Pleural sarcoidosis is rare--it is little recognised in Birtian although several cases have been reported in the international literature. Three white men with pleural effusions caused by sacroidosis have been seen in a two-year period when approximately 60 new cases of thoracic sarcoidosis have been presented. In one patient a recurrent massive effusion was only diagnosed as being caused by sa...

Introduction Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease possibly affecting all organ systems. Less than 10% of sarcoidosis patients develop symptomatic neurological involvement. Although muscular non-caseating granulomas (NCGs) can be found in up to 75% of sarcoidosis patients, muscular symptoms develop only in less than 0.5% of sarcoidosis patients. Corticosteroids (CS) are the mainstay of medical...