This compact and lucid biography tells the story of the man subsequently known as the "Humboldt of the seventeenth century", on account of his extensive travels and contribution to the study of geography. If anyone deserves this accolade then it was certainly Engelbert Kaempfer (1651-1716), who made extensive notes and sketches of the topography, arts and manufactures of the countries of Asia, ...

M. R. Jackson Bonner states that his narrative of Sasanian political history has been written for a general audience by avoiding academic debates and historiographical digressions. This much needed handbook consists nine chapters in which is assessed within the context all its neighbours; from Iberian territories, to Armenian struggles, Chinese embassies, relationships with nomads Hira, develop...

The transition period from Sasanian to Islamic Iran is a key moment for the upcoming history of both Europe and Asia. It indeed crucial put pieces together draw complex picture this central authority which used intermediaries local functionaries different religions. Among others, there were Christian communities. R. Curiel especially Gyselen studied catalogued Iranian copper coinage 7th 8th cen...

Pharmacy is an ethical profession. The aim of this study was to investigate the history of pharmacy ethics in Iran. In the ancient Persia, medical and pharmaceutical ethics were related to religious rules, and everybody had to respect it. The ethical rules were similar to some current pharmacy ethics. During Islamic era, the pharmacy ethics were edited according to the Islamic rules. After intr...

the mādayān ī hazār dādestān «the book of thousand judgements» only an incomplete manuscript of several legal collections of sasanian era is at hand. noinformation about the life of farroxmard vahrāmān (f son v) collector is available. in principle, it is possible that the book be written under the reign of khosrow parviz, the last king listed in the book. .this article will examine the legal t...

darabgird is one of the ancient cities in fars province. according to iranian mythology, darab shah (dariush, the great) found the city in the achaemenid period. but, due to the fact that 1.21% of total ceramics gathered from the city belongs to the parthian era, we can accept that the city remained in use since parthian period to the islamic era. data analysis shows that the city had a strong...

Case 1.?Havildar, Rajput, resident of Gurgaon, vegetarian; service 9 years; had been overseas lor 21 years. Admitted on 24th October, 1942. Felt levensh at Cairo when he was on his way to Persia and Iraq Force. Did not feel fit during the journey. Felt very weak when he reached Boom Town.t Complained of breathlessness, weakness, puffiness of the eyes and nervousness. Physical examination.?Liver...

Routine serological examination of candidates for artisan employment with the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in Abadan began in the autumn of 1949, and 1,725 reports were available by the spring of 1950. The men were all subjected to physical examination, and apart from occasional reports of an old genital scar none of them had any clinical evidence of syphilis at the time of the serological investi...

Since the Sassanid era, many reliefs and seals have left and by reviewing their designs, the mythical and religious attitudes of those people can be understood. The purpose of this article is to decode and interpret the symbolic paintings and to review and study the myths, concepts, and religious rituals of this period. The question is that what the divine and human origin of the symbolic paint...