The competition of charge, orbital, and ferromagnetic interactions in lay-ered manganites is investigated by magneto-Raman scattering spectroscopy. We find that the colossal magnetoresistance effect in the layered compounds results from the interplay of the orbital and ferromagnetic double-exchange correlations. Inelastic scattering by charge-order fluctuations dominates the quasiparticle dynam...

Single crystalline Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 was studied using electronic Raman scattering. The ̋renormalization of the scattering continuum was investigated as a function of the scattering geometry to determine the superconducting energy gap 2∆( $ ) k . The A1gand B2g-symmetry component show a linear frequency behavior of the scattering intensity with a peak related to the energy gap, while the B1g-symme...

We present computationally efficient and accurate semiempirical models of light transfer for real-time analysis of multilayer fluorescing media exposed to normally incident excitation light. The model accounts for absorption and strong forward scattering as well as for internal reflection at the interface between the medium and the surrounding air. The absorption and scattering coefficients are...

Sinusoidal patterns of spatially modulated near-infrared 650 nm structured light are used to interrogate multilayer phantoms and tissue. Diffuse reflectance is imaged at multiple spatial frequencies from 0–0.3 mm−1. ac and dc components of the image are fit to a two layer model formulated from the diffusion approximation to the Boltzman transport equation. The two-layer model depends on optical...