The green alga Scenedesmus obliquus can form inducible defensive morphs under grazing threat. Costs and trade-offs of inducible defense are expected to accompany the benefits of defensive morphs, but are hard to detect under nutrient-sufficient experimental conditions. To test the existence of costs associated with inducible defense, we cultured S. obliquus along resource availability gradients...

1 Ecology and Biodiversity, Department Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands, 4 Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Univ...

We compared the population growth patterns of 5 species of the rotifer genus Lecane [(L. quadridentata (Ehrenberg, 1830), L. comuta (Muller, 1786), L. papuana (Murray, 1913), L. unguitata (Fadeev, 1925) and L. pyriformis (Daday, 1905)] ranging in adult average body size from 30 to 140 microm. All species were cultured under laboratory conditions for 25-30 days using the green alga Scenedesmus a...

Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is a common heavy-metal pollutant widely used in commercial products and industry, but its excessive use uncontrolled discharge have caused great harm to aquatic environments human health. To research the mechanisms of HgCl2 toxicity organisms, this study cultured green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda gradient concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 mg/L) for 9 days. T...

Natural carotenoids from green microalgae exhibit beneficial effects in treating health-related diseases, primarily due to their antioxidant capacity. Therefore, carotenoid-producing were isolated and characterized aqueous samples KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) under photoautotrophic conditions. Three isolates comprehensively using light electron microscopy. In addition, the growth of three selec...

Determining how temperature alters direct predation and indirect trophic cascade effects will be crucial in understanding how global climate change affects community structure and stability. While we are starting to comprehend the effects of warming on individual trophic interactions and underlying mechanisms, effects of warming on multilevel food webs are mostly unknown. This study sought to e...