Deep convection energizes the entire water column. Large-eddy simulation of the oceanic boundary layer system predicts turbulence in the well-mixed layer as well as turbulence-induced internal waves propagating into the underlying stratified water column of the freely convecting wintertime Labrador Sea. Of particular interest is the downward propagation of energy from the turbulent boundary lay...

For the first time, a coupled general circulation model with interactive and dynamical atmospheric, oceanic, and sea-ice components, is used to simulate an Eocene (∼50 Ma) “greenhouse”climate. We introduce efficient ocean spin-up methods for coupled paleoclimate modeling. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and salinities evolve unconstrained, producing the first proxy data-independent estimates fo...

This paper discusses the role of Geoinformatics in Shipping and Marine Transport as a new independent, autonomous self-contained, scientific discipline created for dealing with geospatial information. Depending on the scientific background of those involved in shaping the emerging discipline, little emphasis may be placed on various aspects of Geoinformatics. Maritime appli‐ cations and small d...

The ever increasing impact of the marine industry and transport on vulnerable sea areas puts the marine environment under exceptional pressure and calls for inspired methods for mitigating the impact of the related risks. We describe a method for preventive reduction of remote environmental risks caused by the shipping and maritime industry that are transported by surface currents and wind impa...

[1] Since the 1970s sea ice extent has decreased dramatically in the Northern Hemisphere and increased slightly in the Southern Hemisphere, a difference that is potentially explained by ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere. In this study we consider the impact of stratospheric ozone depletion on Antarctic sea ice extent using a climate model forced with observed stratospheric...

Time series of hydrographic and transient tracer (3H and 3He) observations from the central Labrador Sea collected between 1991 and 1996 are presented to document the complex changes in the tracer fields as a result of variations in convective activity during the 1990s. Between 1991 and 1993, as atmospheric forcing intensified, convection penetrated to progressively increasing depths, reaching ...

Drag forces acting on Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) were investigated from 'deceleration during glide' measurements. A total of 66 glides from six juvenile sea lions yielded a mean drag coefficient (referenced to total wetted surface area) of 0.0056 at a mean Reynolds number of 5.5x10(6). The drag values indicate that the boundary layer is largely turbulent for Steller sea lions swimmi...

Global climate change has resulted in a gradual sea level rise. Sea level rise can cause saline water to migrate upstream in estuaries and rivers, thereby threatening freshwater habitat and drinking-water supplies. In the present study, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was established to simulate salinity distributions and transport time scales in the Wu River estuary of central Taiwan. T...