Psychophysical and neurophysiological studies have revealed that the visual system is sensitive to both "first-order" motion, in which moving features are defined by luminance cues, and "second-order" motion, in which motion is defined by nonluminance cues, such as contrast or flicker. Here we show psychophysically that common types of second-order stimuli provide potent cues to depth order. Al...

We present the online Newton's method, a single-step second-order method for nonconvex optimization. analyze its performance and obtain dynamic regret bound that is linear in cumulative variation between round optima. show if optima limited, leads to constant bound. In general case, outperforms convex optimization algorithms functions performs similarly specialized algorithm strongly functions....