ABSTRACT Large clostridial toxins (LCTs) are secreted virulence factors found in several species, including Clostridioides difficile , Clostridium perfringens Paeniclostridium sordellii and novyi . LCTs large that lack a secretion signal sequence, studies by others have shown the of C. TcdA TcdB, require holin-like protein, TcdE, for secretion. The TcdE gene is located on pathogenicity locus (P...

The pore-forming microcin E492 was purified by solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Its molecular mass was 7,886 Da. The entire 84-amino-acid sequence was determined. There is no postranslational modification in the secreted microcin, and the sequence has homologies with the sequence of the microcin colicin V.

Protein phosphorylation is a fundamental mechanism regulating nearly every aspect of cellular life. Several secreted proteins are phosphorylated, but the kinases responsible are unknown. We identified a family of atypical protein kinases that localize within the Golgi apparatus and are secreted. Fam20C appears to be the Golgi casein kinase that phosphorylates secretory pathway proteins within S...

Secreted proteins may serve as major targets in the immune response to mycobacteria. To identify potentially secreted Mycobacterium leprae antigens, antisera specific for culture filtrate proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were used to screen a panel of recombinant antigens selected previously by leprosy patient sera. Four potentially secreted antigens were identified by this approach, and ...

HaCaT as well as human primary keratinocytes constitutively expressed mRNA of the human secreted phospholipase A(2) subtype groups X, V, IIA, and IID. A similar expression pattern was also found in human skin biopsies. Protein analysis showed that under serum-free conditions only group X secreted phospholipase A(2) is secreted into cell culture supernatants of HaCaT as well as human primary ker...

Protein extraction techniques are absolutely required for the research of biological catalysts. The present study compared four universal protein methodologies (ammonium sulfate precipitation, TCA/acetone and two commercial kits) to provide practical information on in order discover a novel lipase agricultural products. Yields from 24 domestic products their specific activities were evaluated w...

The heterologous expression of human kinases in good purity and a monomeric, soluble active form can be challenging. Most the reported successful attempts are carried out insect cells as host. use E. coli for is limited to few usually facilitated by large solubility tags that limit biophysical studies affect protein–protein interactions. In this report, we evaluate methylotrophic yeast Pichia p...

Characterization of the N-glycans from human pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase 1) isolated from healthy pancreas and from pancreatic adenocarcinoma tumor cells (Capan-1 and MDAPanc-3) revealed completely different glycosylation patterns. RNase 1 from healthy cells contained neutral complex biantennary structures, with smaller amounts of tri- and tetraantennary compounds, and glycans with poly-N-ac...

The E(rns) protein is a structural glycoprotein of pestiviruses that lacks a typical membrane anchor sequence and is known to be secreted from the infected cell. However, major amounts of the protein are retained within the cell and attached to the virion by a so far unknown mechanism. Transient-expression studies with cDNA constructs showed that in a steady-state situation, 16% of the protein ...