Breast cancer is prevalent among women, and although rare, it can develop in men. Society seems unaware that men can develop breast cancer, which contributes in part to late diagnoses in men. Nurses must raise awareness regarding the possible occurrence of breast cancer in men, the associated risk factors, and methods of prevention. A simple screening method, such as a breast self-examination, ...

INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer and the second reason of cancer deaths among woman worldwide, including Malaysia. The objective of this paper is to assess the practice of breast self-examination (BSE) and identify the barriers of BSE practice among undergraduate female students in Malaysia. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted among 810 female undergraduate student...

A causal model is proposed for two-arm experimental studies with possible non-compliance in which the effect of the treatment is measured by a binary response variable, the value of which is available even before the treatment. A pseudo conditional likelihood method is proposed for the estimation of the model and, in particular, of the causal effect of the treatment over control in the subpopul...

BACKGROUND Our study objective was to determine the validity and reliability of the breast module of a cancer awareness measure (BCAM) among adult women in western Kenya. METHODS The study was conducted between October and November 2012, following three breast cancer screening events. Purposive and systematic random sampling methods were used to identity 48 women for cognitive focus group dis...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To discover the factors that influence the decision to perform breast self-examination (BSE). DESIGN Quantitative, correlational. SETTING Institutional; urban and suburban. SAMPLE A nonrandomized convenience sample of 93 women. METHODS Willing participants were asked to complete by mail a short demographic form, the Reduced Laffrey's Health Conception Scale, Champion'...

A considerable proportion of women with breast cancer in this country present for treatment in late stages of the disease; Britain's primary health-care system means that in most cases the possible diagnosis of breast cancer is first made in general practice. This offers ample opportunity for early diagnosis and a better understanding about the way the general practitioners perceive the problem...

In this study we tested the framing hypothesis that a pamphlet stressing the negative consequences of not performing breast self-examination (BSE) would be more persuasive than a pamphlet emphasizing BSE's positive consequences. College-aged female subjects were exposed to a loss-frame pamphlet, a gain-frame pamphlet, or a no-arguments pamphlet, or they received no pamphlet describing the impor...

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Monthly breast self-examination (BSE) has been presented as one of the best screening methods available. The aim of this study was to compare effects of both direct and indirect methods of teaching of BSE on knowledge and attitudes of nursing and midwifery personnel. Materials and Methods: The present study was performed on 89 nursin...