Incorporation of a dual-FRET dye pair into mesoporous silica nanoparticles yields sensitive and sensing-range tunable nanosensors with good reversibility that can be used for ratiometric pH measurements under a single-wavelength excitation.

Coloured flashes that are visible only to the short-wavelength-sensitive S cones interfere with shifts of visual attention but not with shifts of gaze (saccades). Attention and gaze must therefore be directed by different visual sub-systems.

We report microspectrophotometric (MSP) data for the visual pigments and oil droplets of 17 species of Caribbean anoline lizard known to live in differing photic habitats and having distinctly different dewlap colors. The outgroup Polychrus marmoratus was also examined to gain insight into the ancestral condition. Except for Anolis carolinensis, which is known to use vitamin A(2) as its visual ...

A generation method for the rail random irregularity with arbitrary wavelength interval (WI) is developed, and its accuracy and efficiency are demonstrated. Then a moving wheel-rail-bridge interaction element is derived to establish the finite element equations of motion for the train-rail-bridge interaction system, and the flow chart of assembly and calculation for the system equations is give...

PURPOSE The usual stimuli in static perimetry are white-light luminance increments. However, the specific visual detection mechanisms involved in perimetry are unknown because all classes of neural mechanisms are sensitive to spectrally broadband stimuli. The objective of this study was to determine the relative sensitivities of nonopponent and opponent detecting mechanisms under standard perim...

The morphology and spectral absorption characteristics of the retinal photoreceptors in the southern hemisphere lamprey Geotria australis (Agnatha) were studied using light and electron microscopy and microspectrophotometry. The retinae of both downstream and upstream migrants of Geotria contained two types of cone photoreceptor and one type of rod photoreceptor. Visual pigments contained in th...

Dynamics of foveal light adaptation for vision mediated via short-wavelength-sensitive (SWS) cones were compared for two groups of healthy amenorrheic (peri- or post-menopausal) women not using hormonal medication. Each subject was assigned to a group based on the color name-"lavender" ( approximately 2/3 of all subjects) or "white" (approximately 1/3 of all subjects)-chosen in a forced-respons...

In recent years several experiments have been planned to measure the proton lifetime and, among those under construction, some detectors [ 1 3 ] use large amounts of water as a source of protons and Cherenkov light (CL) for detection of p-decay products. The dynamical interpretation of the events and the vertex reconstruction are the main problems in water Cherenkov detectors; these problems ca...

Careful wavelength assignment (WA) to support lambda services is necessary to reduce the total number of wavelength converters (WCs), which are required every time the wavelength continuity constraint cannot be met in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. With the successful introduction of reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) and related technologies, WDM networks a...

Magnetic compass orientation in birds has been shown to be light dependent. Results from behavioural studies indicate that magnetoreception capabilities are disrupted under light of peak wavelengths longer than 565 nm, and shifts in orientation have been observed at higher light intensities (43-44x10(15) quanta s(-1) m(-2)). To investigate further the function of the avian magnetic compass with...