OBJECTIVE To define the terms "sepsis" and "organ failure" in a precise manner. DATA SOURCES Review of the medical literature and the use of expert testimony at a consensus conference. SETTING American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) headquarters in Northbrook, IL. PARTICIPANTS Leadership members of ACCP/Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM). RESULTS An ACCP/SCCM Consensus Confere...

Despite extensive research on candidate pharmacological treatments and a significant and increasing prevalence, sepsis syndrome, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain areas of unmet clinical need. Preclinical studies examining mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) based-therapies have provided compelling evidence of potential benefit; however, the precise mechanism by which MSCs exert...

OBJECTIVE To study changes in blood lipid metabolism in sepsis patients, especially high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) changes in the diagnosis of sepsis and the type of bacteria involved. METHODS Two-hundred-twenty cases of patients with febrile infections were divided into local infection, systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis (sepsis) group. For controls, 81 cases of ...

OBJECTIVE Gastrointestinal dysfunction or gut failure frequently occurs in seriously ill patients and can be responsible for multi-organ failure. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) was characterized for its role in reconstitution of an epithelial barrier after mucosal injury in the jejunum. The aims of our study was an analysis of TFF3 levels dynamics in patients with sepsis and the correlation of TFF3 wi...

We conducted a prospective surveillance study of 80 hospitals across the United States to determine the incidence of sepsis syndrome and its associated sequelae in hospitalized patients over age 18 years who were administered antibiotics for suspected or documented gram-negative infection. A sample of 1754 hospitalized patients were followed from onset of antimicrobial therapy to discharge or d...

Sepsis is the clinical syndrome derived from the host response to an infection and severe sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients. Several biomarkers have been tested for use in diagnosis and prognostication in patients with sepsis. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels are increased in various infectious diseases, in the blood and also in ...

Statins have a variety of properties that are independent of their lipid lowering ability. These anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiapoptotic features have been collectively referred to as pleiotropic effects. Severe sepsis is an intense infection-induced inflammatory syndrome that ultimately results in organ dysfunction. Because so many cascades are triggered during seps...

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. Sepsis accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in critically ill children as well. The pathophysiology of sepsis is characterized by a complex systemic inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction, and alterations in the coagulation system, which lead to perturbations in the delivery o...

Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients. In this pathological syndrome, septic shock and sequential multiple organ failure correlate with poor outcome. The pathophysiology of sepsis with acute organ dysfunction involves a highly complex, integrated response that includes activation of number of cell types, inflammatory mediators, and the hemostatic system. Central to...

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome arising from infection-induced uncontrolled systemic inflammatory responses. Patients surviving severe sepsis also exhibit increased mortality due to enhanced vulnerability infections. In this study, we examined whether (R)-ketamine could prevent against lethal sepsis-induced inflammation and injury. Septic model was induced by cecal ligat...