HYPOTHESIS The September 11, 2001, World Trade Center (WTC) attack was a disaster of epic proportion in New York City, NY. It was unprecedented in terms of the number of people who were killed in the bombings, as well as in terms of the volume of patients received at local (New York City) hospitals. The strain on local emergency medical services, hospitals, and the citywide trauma system is sti...

In the last lecture, we proved the positive part of Shannon's capacity theorem for the BSC. We showed that by the probabilistic method, there exists an encoding function E and a decoding function D such that E m Pr noise e of BSCp [D(E(m) + e) = m] ≤ 2 −δ ′ n. (1) In other words, the average decoding error probability is small. However, we need to show that the maximum decoding error probabilit...

People tend to fear dread risks, that is, low-probability, high-consequence events, such as the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. If Americans avoided the dread risk of flying after the attack and instead drove some of the unflown miles, one would expect an increase in traffic fatalities. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing data from the U.S. Department of Transportation for the 3 mon...

The diaries of 1,084 U.S. users of an on-line journaling service were downloaded for a period of 4 months spanning the 2 months prior to and after the September 11 attacks. Linguistic analyses of the journal entries revealed pronounced psychological changes in response to the attacks. In the short term, participants expressed more negative emotions, were more cognitively and socially engaged, a...

The Global Consciousness Project (GCP) is an international collaboration of researchers studying interactions of consciousness with the environment. The GCP maintains a network of random event generators (REGs) located in over 40 host sites around the world. These devices generate random data continuously and send it for archiving to a dedicated server in Princeton, New Jersey. The data are ana...

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, present significant challenges for policymakers at all levels of government. Since terrorism seems to present particularly acute risks for core urban areas, it may influence economic and policy decisions in ways that affect the spatial distribution of population and economic activity. These impacts, however, will depend importantly on the assignment ...

This article searches for a broader knowledge on the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after the author has experienced the tragedy occurred in September 2001 in New York. The article aims at reporting this life experience after the terrorist attacks by relating it to the PTSD as well as trying to interpret and to understand the event from the point of view of this personal experience. Thus...

The current research examined prejudice and perceived threat toward Mexican and Arab immigrants/immigration along the U.S./Mexico border. Sample 1 (n = 84) was collected before September 11; attitudes toward Mexican immigrants were assessed. Sample 2 (n = 140) was collected one month after September 11 and Sample 3 (n = 180) was collected one year later; attitudes toward both Mexican and Arab i...

Tumor cells and the immune system play a lethal "pas de deux" during tumor development. However, it is not clear which role the innate immune system plays in these interactions. We studied the interaction of normal spleen cells (NSCs) with tumor cells expressing low levels of MHCI on the cell surface. This interaction induces increased MHCI expression on the MHCIlow tumor cells by a cell-cell c...