A survey to determine the incidence of parasites in cattle (n = 386) was conducted in the north eastern Free State between August 1999 and July 2000. Giemsa-stained blood smears were negative for blood parasites. A total of 94% of the cattle were sero-positive for Babesia bigemina by indirect fluorescent antibody test while 87% were sero-positive for Anaplasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass...

Objectives: The study was undertaken to assess the level of sero-protection of children up to five years of age who had received at least one dose of HB vaccination in their infancy. Methodology It is a cohort study to follow up vaccinated children from four weeks after completion of vaccination to one, three and five years of age of the children. The study was conducted in three districts of N...

The phenomenon of T cell allorecognition is difficult to accommodate within the framework of a T cell repertoire positively selected in the thymus, unless allorecognition results from the cross-reactions of self-major histocompatibility complex restricted T cells. Herein, we demonstrate the dual specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones for the immunodominant Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) e...

Non-biological synthetic oligomers can serve as ligands for antibodies. We hypothesized that a random combinatorial library of synthetic poly-N-substituted glycine oligomers, or peptoids, could represent a random "shape library" in antigen space, and that some of these peptoids would be recognized by the antigen-binding pocket of disease-specific antibodies. We synthesized and screened a one be...

 Findings from recent studies (1-3) have highlighted the potential for antiretroviral therapy to prevent HIV by reducing an HIV-positive person’s viral load.  Prevention experts are concerned that active promotion of “treatment as prevention” may undermine the benefits of widespread antiretroviral use by contributing to treatment optimism and increasing risk behaviours (4).  The limited numb...

Currently, the only diagnostic test available routinely for the sero-diagnosis of BFDV is the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay. This test, whilst useful and applicable to samples from a wide range of psittacine birds, is not an ideal assay; it requires erythrocytes from live animals, virus purified from the feathers of infected birds and polyclonal antibody preparations in order to perfo...

A sero-prevalence survey of Toxoplasmosis in domestic animals (camels, cattle, sheep and goats) was conducted in the Benadir region of Somalia from January to July 2014 to determine the status of the disease. A total of 151 sera were tested, 64 camels; 28 cattle; 29 sheep and 30 goats, for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using Latex Agglutination Test (LAT). Totally about 15.9% (24...

Background: Population based sero-epidemiological studies help us to determine the burden of COVID-19 infection at community level and monitor trends in transmission SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antibody sero-positivity indicates extent spread given population forms basis for strengthening public health mitigation measures. The present study was carried out with objective conducting serosurvey Nagpur ...