We investigate the task of punctuation prediction in English sentences without prosodic information. In our approach, stochastic gradient ascent (SGA) is used to maximize log conditional likelihood when learning the parameters of linear-chain conditional random fields. For SGA, two different approximation techniques, namely Collins perceptron and contrastive divergence, are used to estimate the...

The main result of the paper is the reduction of the problem of satisfiability of equations in free groups to the satisfiability of equations in free semigroups with anti-involution (SGA), by a non-deterministic polynomial time transformation. A free SGA is essentially the set of words over a given alphabet plus an operator which reverses words. We study equations in free SGA, generalizing seve...

We consider a system that both ends of a charged open string are attached on the Dpbrane with constant electromagnetic fields. Contrary to neutral strings, the quantization of charged strings has not been so far considered well. For this system we construct the spectrum-generating algebra (SGA), which involves the cyclotron frequency. When the cyclotron frequency is set to be zero, the SGA is r...

Successive Galerkin Approximation (SGA) provides a means for approximating solutions to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. The SGA strategy is applied to the development of optimal control laws for an electro-hydraulic positioning system (EHPS) having nonlinear dynamics. The theory underlying the SGA strategy is developed. Equations of motion for an EHPS are presented and validated exp...

This paper presents the closed-loop composite control of singularly perturbed bilinear systems with a quadratic performance criterion, using successive Galerkin approximation(SGA). The singularly perturbed bilinear system is decomposed into two subsystems of a slow-time and fast-time scale by the singular perturbation theory, and we obtain feedback control laws from each subsystem using SGA. We...

The authors examined whether early ultrasound dating (≤20 weeks) of gestational age (GA) in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses may underestimate gestational duration and therefore the incidence of SGA birth. Within a population-based case-control study (May 2002-June 2005) of Iowa SGA births and preterm deliveries identified from birth records (n = 2,709), the authors illustrate a novel me...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether anterior cerebral artery (ACA) Doppler ultrasonography is superior to middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler in the prediction of perinatal outcome and neonatal neurobehavior in term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses with normal umbilical artery (UA) Doppler. METHODS MCA and ACA Doppler ultrasonography was performed in a cohort of SGA term fetuses with normal...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Malnutrition is common in patients with chronic liver disease. We aimed to evaluate malnutrition assessment tools in predicting severity and survival of patients with liver cirrhosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined patients with liver cirrhosis. Nutritional evaluation was performed on admission, using subjective global assessment (SGA), handgrip strength (HGS), and anthr...

When applied to one-off instances of a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems the Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA) frequently generates solutions of high fitness. Till date, however, the discovery of one or more seemingly hard problems (consisting of an infinite set of problem instances) that can be solved robustly and scalably by an SGA has eluded researchers. This is unfortunate beca...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to describe whether the social environment of the territory of residence is associated with indicators of foetal growth retardation. METHODS All newborns (n = 667,254) from 143 Centres locaux de services communautaires (CLSC) territories of Quebec, Canada, 2000-2008 were included in this study. Small for gestational age (SGA), very small for gestatio...