This paper examines the dynamics of large-scale overturning circulations in the tropical atmosphere using an idealized zonally symmetric model on the equatorial b-plane. Under certain simplifications of its coefficients, the elliptic partial differential equation for the transverse circulation can be solved by first performing a vertical transform to obtain a horizontal structure equation, and ...

[1] In the tropics, understanding the shallow-to-deep transition and organization of convection on the mesoscale is made difficult due the paucity of long-term high spatial/temporal resolution data. In this paper, data from the world’s first long-term equatorial Global Navigational Satellite System meteorological station in Manaus (Central Amazon) is used to create a new metric, a water vapor c...

While near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been increasingly applied to neuroimaging and functional connectivity studies in infants, it has not been quantitatively examined as to what extent the deep tissue (such as cerebral tissue) as opposed to shallow tissue (such as scalp), contributes to NIRS signals measured in infants. A method for separating the effects of deep- and shallow-tissue laye...

An important aspect of many nlg systems is ensuring that all generated texts obey linguistic constraints and are (near-)optimal under linguistic quality measures. Where they are possible, deep techniques can automate the enforcement of linguistic constraints and optimisations. In contrast, shallow techniques require developers to explicitly enforce constraints and optimisations. Deep techniques...

original article   noise and vibration are the common problems in industrialized countries which can affect individual's job performance. the present study aimed to investigate the combination of the whole body vibration and the noise and their effects on the students' mental performance in the laboratory setting. twenty male students of tehran university of medical sciences, tehran, iran were ...

Recent developments in deep linguistic processing give rise to renewed optimism concerning the practical applicability of advanced grammatical analysis. For HPSG parsing a breakthrough in efficiency was achieved through a new form of international collaboration that lead to improved combinations of methods in a rather systematic way. Yet efficiency is just one of the obstacles to the utilizatio...

Consistent evidence for a poorly ventilated deep Pacific Ocean that could have released its radiocarbon-depleted carbon stock to the atmosphere during the last deglaciation has long been sought. Such evidence remains lacking, in part due to a paucity of surface reservoir age reconstructions required for accurate deep-ocean ventilation age estimates. Here we combine new radiocarbon data from the...

Idealized dynamical theories that employ a convective quasi-equilibrium (QE) treatment for the diabatic effects of moist convection have been used to explain the location, intensity, and intraseasonal evolution of monsoons. This paper examines whether observations of Earth’s regional monsoons are consistent with the assumption of QE. It is shown here that in local summer climatologies based on ...

Automatic classification of Human Epithelial Type-2 (HEp2) cells staining patterns is an important and yet a challenging problem. Although both shallow and deep methods have been applied, the study of deep convolutional networks (CNNs) on this topic is shallow to date, thus failed to claim its top position for this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel study of using CNNs for HEp-2 cells c...

Morphological divergence was evident among three sympatric morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) that are ecologically diverged along the shallow-, deep-water resource axis in a subarctic postglacial lake (Norway). The two deep-water (profundal) spawning morphs, a benthivore (PB-morph) and a piscivore (PP-morph), have evolved under identical abiotic conditions with constant low light...