Downward redistribution of soil water through plant roots has important consequences for water and nutrient balance of arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Nevertheless, information on the seasonal patterns and magnitudes of redistribution is lacking for all but a few plant species. We measured sap flow in the taproot and three main lateral roots of a 10-year-old Juglans major Torr. tree, on an ephem...

Survivorship of larvae of the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), was measured after they were raised on one of six diets. The effects of container shape (wide and shallow vs. narrow and deep), soil depth (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 cm), and temperature (28°, 32°, or 35° C) on pupation success was measured. Diet influenced larval survivorship, but did not hav...

The paper studies certain dynamic characteristics of soil deposits with wave velocities increasing with depth according to (l+pz)'", where m = 1, 2/3, 1/2, 1/4 and 0. Analytical solutions are presented for the fundamental periods, mode shapes and amplification functions due to vertically propagating shear waves and the effects of type (m) and rate ( p ) of heterogeneity are systematically inves...

A key problem in the use of physically based models of landslide hazards is how to parameterize the representation of soil properties. We applied a physically based model for the topographic control on shallow landsliding (SHALSTAB) to two catchments in Rio de Janeiro to investigate the accuracy of model results in relation to parameterization of soil properties. In so doing, we address the rel...

Shallow foundations are often situated on unsaturated zones above the groundwater table. In this study, the influence of rainfall infiltration on the settlement behavior of shallow foundations was investigated using numerical analyses. The numerical solutions were compared with experimental data from in-situ load tests. The relative importance of rainfall intensities and groundwater table posit...

The importance of the Northern Guam aquifer as a source of drinking water for the tropical Pacific island of Guam has stimulated public interest in the impact of forest clearing and conversion to agriculture on the region’s environment. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of land clearing, tillage, and fertilization of tropical secondary forest on soil organic and organic...

Ground settlement due to the shallow tunneling in urban areas can have considerable implications for aboveground civilinfrastructures. Engineering geological characteristics of the tunnel host ground including geotechnical parameters of surrounding soil,groundwater situation, and in situ stress condition are amongst the most important factors affecting settlement. In this research, groundsettle...

Artificial fill (Holocene)—Mud, sand, and gravel of varying proportions, possibly including foreign debris such as concrete, logs, timbers, or brick. Used for highway roadbeds and other construction. Thickness generally greater than 2 m. Mapped where fill substantially obscures or has altered original geologic deposit. Beach deposits (Holocene)—Soft sand, silt, and mud deposited or reworked by ...

Underground mining has historically occurred in surface and near-surface (shallow) mineral deposits. While no universal definition of deep underground exists, humanity's need for non-renewable natural resources inevitably pushed the boundaries possibility terms environmental technological constraints. Recently, is being extensively developed due to depletion shallow One main advantages its lowe...

Introduction the expansive soil shows obvious volumetric changes under changing moisture conditions. these volumetric deformations usually result in differential movements of shallow foundations resting on it. consequently, structural damages could happen if no special measures would have been taken during the design process. this article illustrates the possibility to predict such movements us...