A cooperative intelligent agent is a user's personal consultant that takes care of problems the user got, and solve them either by itself or through cooperation. To construct a suitable organization structure which allows individual agents to easily reason about the others' activities, and thus nd the peers, is a key issue for e cient cooperation. In this paper, we suggest an activity-oriented ...

During the past years, special emphasis was put on medical preparedness in the event of radiological or nuclear emergencies. Novin Medical Radiation Institute (NMRI) encouraged and supported the national authorities to enhance their cooperation in improving medical response to radiation accident. NMRI in cooperation with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Atomic Energy Organization o...

Cooperation means a donor pays a cost, c, for a recipient to get a benefit b. In evolutionary biology, cost and benefit are measured in terms of fitness. While mutation and selection represent the main ‘forces’ of evolutionary dynamics, cooperation is a fundamental principle that is required for every level of biological organization. Individual cells rely on cooperation among their components....

A process modeling method was raised based on cooperation pattern in airplane design, aiming at the difficulty of complexity and enormous magnitude of airplane design process. Investigating design steps, tools and organization of airplane design experienced, summarized four cooperation patterns. Feature of these patterns were analyzed, by distinguish their application backgrounds and scenarios....

We show that fluid organizations display higher levels of cooperation than attainable by groups with either a fixed social structure or lacking one altogether. By moving within the organization, individuals cause restructurings that facilitate cooperation. Computer experiments simulating fluid organizations faced with a social dilemma reveal a myriad of complex cooperative behaviors that result...

From the MOE Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shan...

BACKGROUND The cataract surgery rate (CSR) is a critical index used to show that cataract blindness is being eliminated. It is considered to be tightly connected to social economic development; however, it is still extremely low in developing countries such as China. Although Shanghai is the most economically developed city in China, its CSR and the obstacles for increasing its CSR have not bee...

WHO SAGE, Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, University of Newcastle Research Centre on Gender, Health and Ageing, Newcastle, Australia, Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China, Center for Research...

a Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, and Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China b Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Ji...

Last year, deliberative democracy in mass organization gained great importance in China, which made new demands on the All-China Women’s Federation in representing and integrating the female interests, and also provided it new opportunities to strengthen its function in community governance. Facing the new characteristics, the authors analyze how the Shanghai Women’s Federation develops the res...