Two-dimensional (2D) superconductivity was studied by magnetotransport measurements on single-atomic-layer Pb films on a cleaved GaAs(110) surface. The superconducting transition temperature shows only a weak dependence on the parallel magnetic field up to 14T, which is higher than the Pauli paramagnetic limit. Furthermore, the perpendicular-magnetic-field dependence of the sheet resistance is ...

Ultrasonic energy is used for applying severe plastic deformation on metal surfaces. In the present work, the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the formability, microhardness and microstructural proper...

hydromechanical deep drawing (hdd) is one of the most convenient processes in which a sheet metal is drawn against a counter pressure rather than a rigid die in conventional stampings. this process has been increasingly used to produce aerospace and automotive components. more recently, aerospace industry is demanding new materials with capability to produce high strength to weight ratio produc...

Manufacturing process accuracy is obtained by proper arrangement of fixture elements known as layout. A N-3-2-1 method used for sheet metals which requires (N + 3) to constrain deformation normal surface. Genetic Algorithm (GA) layout optimization, but it high computational effort due large number populations. new optimization proposed integrating topology into GA. In this method, reduces the p...