A new concept analogous to global hyperbolicity is introduced, based on test fields. It is shown that the space-times termed here " curve integrable " are globally hyperbolic in this new sense, and a plausibility argument is given suggesting that the result applies to shell crossing singularities. If the assumptions behind this last argument are valid, this provides an alternative route to the ...

v. dannon showed that spherical curves in e4 can be given by frenet-like equations, and he thengave an integral characterization for spherical curves in e4 . in this paper, lorentzian spherical timelike andspacelike curves in the space time 41 r are shown to be given by frenet-like equations of timelike andspacelike curves in the euclidean space e3 and the minkowski 3-space 31 r . thus, finding...

Esther is the interactive shell of Famke, a prototype implementation of a strongly typed operating system written in the functional programming language Clean. As usual, the shell can be used for manipulating files, applications, data and processes at the command line. A special feature of Esther is that the shell language provides the basic functionality of a strongly typed lazy functional lan...

We report herein the development of a highly sensitive colorimetric method for the detection of 4-hydroxy-2-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine (MTU) which acts as an anti-thyroid drug utilizing citrate capped gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). This thiol-containing molecule exhibits intriguing affinity with Au-NPs. The reactivity involves the displacement of the citrate shell by the thiolate shell followed ...

Increases in dopamine and glutamate transmission in the nucleus accumbens independently promote the reinstatement of cocaine seeking, an animal model of relapse. Here we have tested whether cocaine reinstatement in rats depends on interactions between accumbal dopamine and glutamate systems that are mediated by Ca21/calmodulin-mediated kinase II (CaMKII). We show that stimulation of D1-like dop...

High-temperature implosions are planned for the OMEGA Upgrade experimental program. By using relatively thin shell targets, temperatures much higher than 1 keV at modest compressed densities (1 to 5 g/cm3) are predicted. The goal of this work is to demonstrate that by adding a small admixture of krypton gas (-0.01 atm) to the fuel, the temperature can be conveniently diagnosed through the spect...

The formation of three-dimensional shell-like structures with bilayer graphene walls is described. The structures are produced by the passage of an electric current through graphite in an arc-discharge apparatus. High resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to characterize the carbon, and provides evidence that the structures are threedimensional rather than flat. A striking feature...

During a search for previously unknown Galactic emission nebulae, we discovered faint 36' diameter Halpha nebula centered around the periodic variable YY Hya. Although this star has been classified as RR-Lyr variable, such classification is inconsistent Gaia distance of ~450 pc. GALEX image data also shows Hya to have strong UV excess, suggesting existence hot, compact binary companion. In addi...

We demonstrate a new structural instability of shell-like assemblies of polyoxometalates. Besides the colloidal instability, that is, the formation of aggregates that consist of many single layered POM-shells, these systems also display an instability on a structural scale within the shell-like assemblies. This instability occurs at significantly lower ionic strength than the colloidal stabilit...