Abstract A wide range of approaches exists to account for subgrid cloud variability in regional simulations the atmosphere. This paper addresses following questions: 1) Is there still benefit representing convection-permitting simulations? 2) What is sensitivity fraction parameterization complexity? 3) Are current parameterizations scale-aware across resolutions? These questions are addressed a...

We adapt a physically-based single-layer urban canopy model (UCM) to study the energy budget in urban areas. The energy budget scheme in this study is similar to the scheme implemented in the WRF-NOAH urban canopy model, but it is decoupled from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Simulations are carried out to quantify the sensitivity of the model to each atmospheric and surface ...

Snow measurements at the Kühtai station in Tirol, Austria, (1920 m.a.s.l.) are described. The data set includes snow water equivalent from a 10 m2 snow pillow, snow melt outflow from a 10 m2 snow lysimeter placed at the same location as the pillow, meteorological data (precipitation, incoming shortwave radiation, reflected shortwave radiation, air temperature, relative air humidity, and wind sp...

[1] The surface energy balance of a glacier describes the physical connection between ice/snow ablation and climatic forcing. To expand knowledge on the response of Kilimanjaro’s glaciers to climate variations, this study estimates the energy balance on a horizontal glacier surface at the summit for the periods March to September 2000 and March 2001 to February 2002. An automatic weather statio...

The standardized FAO56 Penman-Monteith model, which has been the most reasonable method in both humid and arid climatic conditions, provides reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimates for planning and efficient use of agricultural water resources. And sensitivity analysis is important in understanding the relative importance of climatic variables to the variation of reference evapotranspirati...

A linear analysis is applied to a multi-thousand member ‘‘perturbed physics‘‘ GCM ensemble to identify the dominant physical processes responsible for variation in climate sensitivity across the ensemble. Model simulations are provided by the distributed computing project, climate prediction.net . A principal component analysis of model radiative response reveals two dominant independent feedba...

The 1998 annual cycle and 1991–98 summer simulations of Greenland ice sheet surface climate are made with the 0.58-horizontal resolution HIRHAM regional climate model of the Arctic. The model output is compared with meteorological and energy balance observations from 15 Greenland Climate Network automatic weather stations. The model reproduces the monthly average surface climate parameters, to ...

Article history: Received 23 March 2009 Received in revised form 2 June 2009 Accepted 17 June 2009 The sub-monthly evolution of the interannual variations of absorbing aerosols and related hydrometeorology over South Asia in the pre-monsoon period is investigated from the analysis of pentad-resolution observational datasets. It is shown that pre-monsoon (late April–early May) variations are cha...

A numerical scheme based on the Partition of Unity Finite Element Method is proposed for solving shortwave problems in flow acoustics. The goal of this approach is to obtain accurate solutions with fewer degrees of freedom than are required for conventional grid or node based schemes. Preliminary numerical results obtained for 2-D and axisymmetric models indicate that this approach may offer si...