BACKGROUND Disability of the shoulder joint is often caused by a tear in the rotator cuff (RC) muscles. Four RC muscles coordinate shoulder movement and stability, among them the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle which are predominantly torn. The contribution of each RC muscle to tear pathology is not fully understood. We hypothesized that muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration, features of...

We examined spatiotemporal abnormalities in the flexor reflex response in the impaired upper extremity of hemiparetic subjects. Electrical stimulation was used to elicit flexion reflexes in both upper extremities of 8 hemiparetic brain-injured and 6 control subjects. Electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded from 12 arm muscles, and reflex forces and moments were recorded at the wrist with a load ce...

INTRODUCTION The minimal bony constraint of the glenohumeral joint (GHJ) enables it to achieve a remarkable range of motion. Consequently, the stability of the joint must be maintained by the surrounding soft tissue structures; in particular the rotator cuff. The data available on normal shoulder function is sparse due to complex kinematics of the GHJ and technical difficulties in acquiring the...

In the human upper limb a proportion of the descending corticospinal command may be relayed through cervical propriospinal premotoneurons. This may serve to co-ordinate movements involving multiple joints of the arm, such as reaching. The present study was conducted to determine if a shoulder stabilising muscle, infraspinatus (INF), is functionally integrated into the putative cervical proprios...

Patterns of stereotyped muscle coactivation, clinically referred to as synergies, emerge following stroke and impair arm function. Although researchers have focused on cortical contributions, there is growing evidence that altered stretch reflex pathways may also contribute to impairment. However, most previous reflex studies have focused on passive, single-joint movements without regard to the...

The purpose of this study was to develop a Web video designed to promote regular shoulder joint exercise on a continuous basis among patients with shoulder joint disease. This is a methodological research. A shoulder joint exercise video was developed through the five stages of the ADDIE model: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The video demonstrates exercises that ...

A 46 year old man presented with dull right shoulder pain irradiating to the right upper arm. Physical examination showed right glenohumeral instability. There was no muscle atrophy. Radiography and an echogram of the right shoulder were normal. An EMG showed fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves in the right infraspinatus muscle; recruitment of motor units was reduced on maximal vol...

[Purpose] To date, core muscle activity detected using ultrasonography during prone bridge exercises has not been reported. Here we investigated the effects of core muscle thickness and balance on sling exercise efficacy by shoulder joint angle in healthy individuals. [Subjects and Methods] Forty-three healthy university students were enrolled in this study. Ultrasonography thickness of externa...

Abstract. Cahyadi DD, Nurhidayat, Nisa’ C, Supratikno, Novelina S, Setijanto H, Agungpriyono S. 2022. Musculoskeletal structure of the shoulder and arm in large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus). Biodiversitas 23: 5902-5913. The flight activity bats is most energy-consuming compared to other locomotion activities. anatomical characteristic its musculoskeletal system believed play important role th...

BACKGROUND There are a number of indications for total joint replacement surgery, mainly degenerative changes with limited function, rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic changes, arthropathy accompanying rotator cuff injuries. Problems in the rehabilitation of patients following partial or total shoulder joint replacement surgery result from the anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder, includi...