Bacteriophage phi6 has a genome of three segments of double-stranded RNA. Each virus particle contains one each of the three segments. Packaging is effected by the acquisition, in a serially dependent manner, of the plus strands of the genomic segments into empty procapsids. The empty procapsids are compressed in shape and expand during packaging. The packaging program involves discrete steps t...

Products' packaging attributes can predispose the consumer to purchase whilst products' sensory attributes con®rm liking and may determine repeat purchases. Products should, therefore, convey their sensory character by their pack and, by doing so, consumer expectations generated by the pack will be met. In this study, a trained panel measured the packaging attributes of Cheddar cheese by descri...

Reduction of packaging waste has been a European target for more than 40 years. However, packaging is indispensable for protecting what it carries. In this study, an analysis of the European regulations on packaging and of their resulting effect on recycling performance was performed by means of a literature survey and the national results published in the European Database, Eurostat. Based on ...

Three standard foodstuff plastic packaging namely polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinylchloride (PVC) were evaluated for management of lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Resistance parameters in packaging were recorded as punctures, holes, penetrations, sealing defe...

In November 2011, Australia became the first country in the world to legislate for “plain packaging” of tobacco products. As of December 1, 2012, the packaging of tobacco products sold in Australia must be a standard, drab dark brown color; and the printing of tobacco company logos, brand imagery, colors, or promotional text on that packaging and on individual tobacco products is prohibited. Wh...

for button mushrooms packaging, the packaging films with high permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide are required. permeability of plastic films such as pvc lead to loss of weight (and thus economic value) and textural changes are undesirable for button mushroom. so packaging film of polyolefins (pd 941 and pd 961) can be used. also the new film, hydrophilic materials such as films made from...

It is a difficult issue to support interactive image processing software in grid environment, which requires special mapping methods over grid architecture. Interactive service packaging, mapping of interactive interface mechanism are reviewed in heterogeneous grid architecture. Grid Service Automated Packaging and Generating System (GS-APGS) for image processing software is designed to provide...

This thesis treats the development of packaging and integration methods for the cost-efficient encapsulation and packaging of microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices. The packaging of MEMS devices is often more costly than the device itself, partly because the packaging can be crucial for the performance of the device. For devices which contain liquids or needs to be enclosed in a vacuum, the pac...

In recent years, antimicrobial packaging has attracted much attention from the food industry because of the increase in consumer demand for minimally processed, preservative-free products. Antimicrobial packaging can be considered an emerging technology that could have a significant impact on shelf life extension and food safety. Many classes of antimicrobial compounds have been evaluated in fi...