PURPOSE We analyzed the changes in the body mass index (BMI) distribution for urban Australian adults between 1980 and 2007. METHODS We used data from participants of six consecutive Australian nation-wide surveys with measured weight and height between 1980 and 2007. We used quantile regression to estimate mean BMI (for percentiles of BMI) and prevalence of severe obesity, modeled by natural...

BACKGROUND Asthma is prevalent but treatable: adherence to evidence-based treatment lessens impairment and lowers the risk of future exacerbations. OBJECTIVE This report details recent trends in asthma prevalence, health care use, and mortality since 2001 and presents an overview of trends since 1980. METHODS Asthma prevalence estimates were obtained from the National Health Interview Surve...

The control of schistosomiasis has been spectacularly successful in terms of controlling endemicity and severity of the disease during the last 50 years. It can be categorized into two stages. From 1955 through 1980, the transmission-control strategy had been widely and successfully carried out. By the end of 1980, the epidemic of schistosomiasis was successfully circumscribed in certain core r...

Almost since their discovery gap junctions have attracted attention as possible means by which cell growth and cell development could be controlled since they provide for direct cell-cell communication (Potter et al, 1966; Loewenstein, 1968; Sheridan, 1968; Crick, 1970; Bennett, 1973). A corollary, of course, is that gap junctions play an important role in embryogenesis. This idea is made espec...

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is rich in hydropower resources for China, and the development of these has an important impact on sustainable plateau. However, research pattern processes plateau still lacking. Using both field investigation collected data, we evaluated density intensity Tibetan over past 40 years. spatial temporal patterns were analyzed by applying exploratory data analysis methods ...

American eel (Anguilla rostrata) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla) populations have declined since the 1980s prompting concern about their status and the causes of decline, but stock assessment approaches to estimate effects of fishing on these populations are lacking. Since 1964, 16% of United States commercial American eel harvest came from the Potomac River, yet American eel abundance, pr...

D uring the last 30 years, the fi nancial services sector has grown enormously. This growth is apparent whether one measures the fi nancial sector by its share of GDP, by the quantity of fi nancial assets, by employment, or by average wages. At its peak in 2006, the fi nancial services sector contributed 8.3 percent to US GDP, compared to 4.9 percent in 1980 and 2.8 percent in 1950. The contrib...

In Japan, the rate of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM) (atypical mycobacterial diseases) in the total pulmonary mycobacteriosis is continously increasing, in 1994 it reached 14.0% in newly admitted mycobacteriosis cases in 211 sanatoriums throughout Japan (1), and NTMbecame considered an important chest disease. This increase is mainly dependent uponthe recent rapid decrease of tu...

Black carbon (BC) is one of the main factors in global climate change and human health. Based on reanalysis data from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2), historical trends variation BC affecting this were investigated core city Central Plains Economic Zone China-Zhengzhou. correlation analysis with ground measurements concentration, it was determined...