BACKGROUND Simplifying dosing regimens could improve both adherence and asthma-related morbidity. However, there is little information on the effectiveness of once-daily budesonide, administered through a metered dose inhaler (MDI) plus spacer, on asthma symptoms and pulmonary function in asthmatic children. METHODS The aim of this study was to compare the effect of once-daily versus twice-da...

Four estimators of annual infection probability were compared pertinent to Quantitative Microbial Risk Analysis (QMRA). A stochastic model, the Gold Standard, was used as the benchmark. It is a product of independent daily infection probabilities which in turn are based on daily doses. An alternative and commonly-used estimator, here referred to as the Naïve, assumes a single daily infection pr...

objective(s)previous studies have shown that vitamin b as well as folate supplementation has been implicated in cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders including alzheimer’s and parkinson's diseases. the aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of folic acid on passive avoidance task and motor coordination in healthy adult male rats.materials and methodsanimals were randomly divi...

hydroalcoholic extract of pycnocycla spinosa has spasmolytic action in vitro . at oral dose of 250 m g/kg it inhibits castor oil induced diarrhea in mice. if p. spinosa extract has no serious adverse effect, it would be a good alternative medicine for treatment of diarrhoea and abdominal spasm. in this research, overall systemic effect of p. spinosa extract on mice behavior and reaction was inv...