Abstract In ice speed skating, the friction between steel skate blade and stems from boundary where temperature of interface is below zero surface molecules exhibit unconventional mobility, hydrodynamic melts a thin water layer forms. An analytical solution steady-state lubrication equation shows that only plays role at tip over an extremely short contact length ice. Albeit its negligible contr...

BackgroundThe 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is a representative large-scale sporting event, which not only promotes the development of national and regional economy, society, culture but also increases demand residents for winter sports, thus helping achieve grand goal “encouraging 300 million people to participate in sports.” This research explores influence on residents’ sports Beijing–Tianjin...

We scrutinize and compare, from the perspective of modern theory of social choice, two rules that have been used to rank competitors in Figure Skating for the past decades. The first rule has been in use at least from 1982 until 1998, when it was replaced by a new one. We also compare these two rules with the Borda and the Kemeny rules. The four rules are illustrated with examples and with the ...

We approach the social choice problem as one of optimal statistical inference. If individual voters or judges observe the true order on a set of alternatives with error, then it is possible to use the set of individual rankings to make probability statements about the correct social order. Given the posterior distribution for orders and a suitably-chosen loss function, an optimal order is one t...