this study sought to explore the possible relationship between reading anxiety and reading proficiency and also between reading anxiety and language learners’ use of reading strategies. the majority of studies on language anxiety have been quantitative to date. this study was conducted in two phases. the first phase was quantitative, and the second consisted of a series of case studies using in...

BACKGROUND Poor motor skills have been consistently linked with a higher body weight in childhood, but the causal direction of this association is not fully understood. This study investigated the temporal ordering between children's motor skills and weight status at 5 and 10 years. METHODS Participants were 668 children (54% male) who were studied from infancy as part of an iron deficiency a...

Executive Summary In this technology intensive society, most students are required to be proficient in computer skills to compete in today’s global job market. These computer skills usually consist of basic to advanced knowledge in word processing, presentation, and spreadsheet applications. In many U.S. states, students are required to demonstrate computer proficiency early in their educationa...

We introduce skill chaining, a skill discovery method for reinforcement learning agents in continuous domains. Skill chaining produces chains of skills leading to an end-of-task reward. We demonstrate experimentally that skill chaining is able to create appropriate skills in a challenging continuous domain and that doing so results in performance gains.

Current concerns over reforming engineering education have focused attention on helping students develop skills and an adaptive expertise. Phenomenological guidelines for instruction along these lines can be understood as arising out of an emerging theory of thinking and learning built on results in the neural, cognitive, and behavioral sciences. We outline this framework and consider some of i...

Writing is an important skill in language learning, which needs careful attention and planning to attain mastery desired proficiency. The development of technology has altered the ways instruction. People's interactions have become so close as a result social media that it appears we socially interconnected. purpose present study was explore impact Facebook on writing EFL learners. used quasi-e...

Speaking in English is an important skill to master gain upper hand a person’s academic and professional life. Different countries, where considered be foreign language, are emphasizing developing language learning teaching strategies the status of globalization. To achieve this goal, speaking skills play crucial role as it effective mode communication connect with world. This created immense n...