Hairless skin acts as a heat exchanger between body and environment, and thus greatly contributes to body temperature regulation by changing blood flow to the skin (cutaneous) vascular bed during physiological responses such as cold- or warm-defense and fever. Cutaneous blood flow is also affected by alerting state; we 'go pale with fright'. The rabbit ear pinna and the rat tail have hairless s...

Purpose: local therapeutic cooling to soft tissue is known to sometimes cause necrosis and neuropathy via cold-induced ischemia. The purpose of this study is to quantify the occurrence and persistence of cold-induced ischemia associated with cryotherapy. Methods: Fda approved or exempt cryotherapy devices were applied for localized cooling on human subjects via recommended user protocols. Subje...

The thermoreceptive transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is important in the transmission of itch, and its agonist trans-cinnamaldehyde has occasionally been reported to be a pruritogen in humans. However, no studies have accurately quantified the capabilities of trans-cinnamaldehyde to induce itch and related dysesthetic sensations. The present study examined alterations in somatosen...

Objective: To compare the efficacy of the conventional skin test and a novel flow cytometric whole blood assay in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in patients with rheumatologic diseases evaluated for treatment with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-blocking agents. Methods: Prospective study of 97 consecutively enrolled patients, who were assessed for the presence of LTBI thr...

Blood is the liquid that looks red when you cut or scrape your skin. People think blood bad because they see it hurt themselves, people are sick at hospital, and in scary movies. But needed to keep our bodies alive well. So, what happens bleed? And if flow blocked? In this short article, we will explain how why good. We also tell doctors scientists can help with problems of blood.

BACKGROUND Circulation plays an essential role in tissue healing. Moist heat and warm water immersion have been shown to increase skin circulation; however, these heating modalities can cause burns. Recent research has shown that passive vibration can also increase circulation but without the risk of burns. MATERIAL/METHODS The aim of this study is to compare the effects of short-duration vib...

Distal skin ischemic necrosis is a common complication in skin flap surgery. The pathogenesis of skin flap ischemic necrosis is unclear, and there is no clinical treatment available. Here, we used the 4 x 10 cm rat dorsal skin flap model to test our hypothesis that subcutaneous injection of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) in skin flaps at the time of surgery is effective in aug...

Oxygen-15 administered by continuous inhalation and emission computed tomography were used to study regional tissue oxygen utilisation and blood flow in the limbs of 11 patients with venous ulceration and five patients with liposclerosis due to venous insufficiency. The results showed increased blood flow and appreciably reduced fractional oxygen extraction in the diseased tissues. These findin...

The distribution of pulmocutaneous heart output to lungs and skin was determined in non-anaesthetized, fully recovered bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) by application of the microsphere method in order to study the modulation of blood flow to different gas exchange sites in amphibians during environmental air and water hypoxia. The relative perfusion of various skin areas was found to be rather het...